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overview of body Flashcards

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1
Q

DIAGNOSIS

A

Identification of disease

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2
Q

ACUTE

A

Rapid onset, severe course, relatively short duration

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3
Q

DISEASE

A

Condition in which at least one body part is not functioning normally

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4
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

A

Attempt to determine which disease out of many

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5
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (also called)

A

Rule out

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6
Q

CHRONIC

A

Long duration, controlled but rarely cured

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7
Q

EPONYM

A

Disease/structure/operation/procedure named after person who discovered/described it first

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8
Q

SYNDROME

A

Set of signs & symptoms together, part of a specific disease process

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9
Q

REMISSION

A

Temporary/partial/complete disappearance of symptoms without cure

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10
Q

PROGNOSIS

A

Prediction of probable course/outcome

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11
Q

ACRONYM

A

Word formed from initial letter of major parts of a term

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12
Q

INFECTION

A

Invasion of body by pathogenic organism; localized or systemic

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13
Q

MALAISE

A

Feeling of general discomfort/uneasiness; generally the first symptom of infection/disease

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14
Q

EXUDATE

A

Any fluid leaking from an infected wound

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15
Q

INFLAMMATION

A

Localized response to injury/destruction of tissues; signs: erythema, hyperthermia, etc.

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16
Q

LACERATION

A

Torn/jagged/accidental wound or cut

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17
Q

LESION

A

Pathologic change of tissue due to injury/disease

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18
Q

VIRAL

A

Pertaining to a virus

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19
Q

PAROXYSMAL

A

Sudden/spasm-like

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20
Q

CONVALESCENCE

A

Period of gradual recovery after illness/injury

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21
Q

DEBILITATING

A

Weakening/fatiguing effect

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22
Q

ENDOGENOUS

A

Injury/condition originating inside the body

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23
Q

EPIDEMIC

A

Sudden, widespread outbreak of disease

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24
Q

EXOGENOUS

A

Injury/condition originating outside the body

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25
HYPERSENSITIVITY
Immune system's exaggerated response to antigen
26
IATROGENIC
Infection/disease from complication of intervention
27
IMMUNOLOGICAL
Reaction between antibody and antigen
28
ISCHEMIC
Condition from temporary deficiency in blood flow to organ/tissue
29
NEOPLASTIC
New, abnormal growth either benign or malignant
30
PANDEMIC
Disease spread over most of the world
31
PROPHYLAXIS
For prevention
32
HIGH FOWLER’S POSITION
Sit with head elevated 75-90 degrees with knees raised slightly
33
KNEE-CHEST POSITION
Facedown resting on knees & chest; rectal/pelvic exams
34
LATERAL POSITION
Lying on side, generally left; prevents vomit aspiration during labor
35
LOW FOWLER’S POSITION
Semi-sitting with head elevated 15-30 degrees with knees raised slightly
36
SEMI-FOWLER’S POSITION
Semi-sitting with head elevated 30-45 degrees and knees bent for comfort
37
SIMS’ POSITION
Lie on side with one hip & knee straight, other flexed at hip & knee
38
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Study of ears, nose, & throat
39
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Study of ears & larynx
40
LITHOTOMY
Position of female on back with feet/legs in stirrups
41
PALPATION
Hands feel texture, size, consistency, and location
42
FISTULA
Abnormal passageway to body surface
43
CAUSE: FISTULA
Surgery, injury, abscess drainage
44
ATRESIA
Congenital absence/narrowing of opening or passage
45
FLUOROSCOPY
Continuous X-rays show flow of contrast/direct interventions
46
SUPPORATION
Formation of pus
47
ANTERIOR VS VENTRAL
Anterior = head end; Ventral = belly
48
POSTERIOR VS DORSAL
Posterior = tail end; Dorsal = back
49
STEM CELLS
Undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and specialization
50
ADULT STEM CELLS (also called)
Somatic stem cells
51
ADULT STEM CELLS
Stem cells with the primary function of repairing & maintaining tissue they are in
52
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
Can form any adult cell; don’t need a perfect match for transplant
53
STEM CELL THERAPY
Harvested from hematopoietic tissue of bone marrow
54
STEM CELL THERAPY (also called)
Regenerative medicine
55
GENES
Fundamental physical & functional unit of heredity
56
GENOME
Complete set of genetic information of an organism
57
SOMATIC CELL
Any body cell except gametes
58
GENE DISORDERS (also called)
Hereditary disease
59
DOWN SYNDROME
3rd copy of 21st chromosome; characteristic facial appearance, developmental delays
60
DOWN SYNDROME (also called)
Trisomy 21
61
CAUSE: FRAGILE X SYNDROME
Changes in MRI gene (that makes protein for brain development)
62
FRAGILE X SYNDROME
X chromosome unstable & breaks; developmental delays, behavior issues
63
HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE
Nerve degeneration causing uncontrolled movements, psychiatric disorders
64
CAUSE: HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE
Weird gene producing protein huntingtin
65
MARGAN SYNDROME
Affects connective tissue everywhere; tall, long arms/legs/fingers
66
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Progressive muscle weakness & degeneration
67
PHENYLKETONURIA
Missing enzyme to counter phenylalanine -> developmental delays
68
CAUSE: PHENYLKETONURIA
Two mutated genes prevent processing of phenylalanine
69
ASTROCYTE
Star-shaped cell
70
CYTOLEMMA
Cell membrane
71
FIBRINOLYSIS
Destruction of fibers
72
FIBROBLAST
Fiber-forming cell
73
HEMATOCYTOBLAST
Cell where blood cells develop
74
STYLOID
Resembling pole/stake
75
EPITHELIUM
Specialized epithelial cells forming epidermis & mucous membranes
76
ENDOTHELIUM
Lining of blood & lymph vessels, body cavities
77
EXAMPLE: DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Bones & cartilage
78
LOOSE TISSUES
Holds organs in place and binds tissue
79
APLASIA
Defective development/congenital absence of organ/tissue
80
HYPOPLASIA
Underdevelopment of organ/tissue
81
ANAPLASIA
Change in structure & orientation of cells
82
DYSPLASIA
Abnormal growth or development of cells
83
HYPERPLASIA
Increase in number of cells; normal or precancerous
84
HYPERTROPHY
Increase in size, but not number, of cells
85
ETIOLOGY
Study of causes of disease
86
PATHOGEN
Disease-producing microorganism
87
CONTAMINATION
Pathogen possibly present
88
BLOODBORNE TRANSMISSION
Spread through infected bodily fluids
89
VECTOR-BORNE
Insect-borne transmission
90
ENDEMIC
Ongoing presence of disease in group/area
91
ORGANIC DISORDER
Symptoms with detectable physical changes
92
FUNCTIONAL DISORDER
Physical symptoms without disease/organic cause
93
FUNCTIONAL DISORDER (also called)
Non-organic disorder
94
IATROGENIC ILLNESS
Unfavorable response to prescribed treatment
95
IDIOPATHIC DISEASE
Any disease without a known cause
96
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Caused by a living pathogenic organism
97
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
Hospital-acquired infection
98
METABOLIC SYNDROME
Risk factors for heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes: high BP, central adiposity, etc.
99
DEVELOPMENT DISORDER
Physical, learning, language, or behavioral impairment

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