muscular Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
MUSCLE FIBERS
A
Long, slender muscle cells bound by connective tissue
2
Q
FASCIA
A
Flexible band of connective tissue envelop, separate, or bind muscles
3
Q
TENDON
A
Narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue; bone + muscle
4
Q
PARTS OF QUADS
A
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
5
Q
PARTS OF HAMSTRING
A
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
6
Q
FRONTALIS IS ALSO CALLED
A
Occiptofrontalis
7
Q
NICKNAME FOR THE GASTROCNEMIUS
A
“Stomach of the leg”
8
Q
ATONIC
A
Lacking muscle tone
9
Q
MUSCLE TONE
A
State of balanced muscle tension creating normal posture, coordination, & movement
10
Q
HYPOTONIA
A
Diminished tone of skeletal muscles
11
Q
MYOPATHY
A
Any pathological change/disease of muscle tissue
12
Q
FIBROMYALGIA
A
Broad condition of tendons, muscles, & joints
13
Q
S/S: FIBROMYALGIA
A
Fatigue, diffuse/specific muscle/joint/bone pain, etc
14
Q
TENOSYNOVITIS
A
Inflammation of tendon sheath
15
Q
TENDINITIS CAN ALSO BE SPELLED
A
Tendonitis
16
Q
TENDINOSIS
A
Chronic pain condition bc repetitive overuse/unhealed injury of tendon
17
Q
CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS)
A
Fatigue not improved by bed rest & worse w/activity; symptoms similar to fibro
18
Q
ADHESION
A
Fibrous band abnormally or normally holding structures (normal = healing wound)
19
Q
ATROPHY
A
Weakness/wearing away of tissue/structure
20
Q
CAUSE: ADHESION
A
Inflammation or trauma (injury/surgery)
21
Q
CACHEXIA
A
Physically wasting away
22
Q
CAUSE: CACHEXIA
A
Weight & muscle mass loss from disease/disuse
23
Q
HERNIA
A
Tissue protrudes thru weak spot of containment into another area
24
Q
INGUINAL HERNIA
A
Most common; intestines protrude thru weak lower ab wall/groin
25
CAUSE: INGUINAL HERNIA
Obesity, pregnancy, heavy lifting, straining
26
HIATAL HERNIA
Upper part of stomach protrude thru esophageal opening into diaphragm; lead to GERD & pyrosis
27
POLYMYOSITIS
Muscle disease w/inflammation & weakening of voluntary muscles gen closest to trunk
28
RHABDOMYOLYSIS
Death of muscle fibers release content to blood stream leading to complications like renal failure
29
SARCOPENIA
Loss of muscle mass, strength, & function w/age; slowed by weight/resistance training
30
DYSTONIA
Movement disorder w/involuntary &/or repetitive contractions; symptoms of Parkinson’s, strokes, brain injuries, etc
31
ATAXIA
Lack of coordination w/voluntary movement; shaky & unsteady
32
CAUSE: ATAXIA
Abnormal activity in cerebellum
33
CONTRACTURE
Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin; normal connective tissue becomes nonelastic & fibrous
34
CAUSE: CONTRACTURE
Scarring or disease
35
INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION
Pain in leg muscles during exercise & fixed w/rest
36
CAUSE: INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION
Poor circulation (associate w/PVD)
37
MYOCLONUS
Quick, involuntary jerking of muscles; neurological disorder (epilepsy), metabolic condition, drug response, sleep (normal)
38
CLONUS
Repetitive contraction of knee/ankle muscles; associate w/cerebral palsy, stroke, MS, etc
39
SINGULTUS
Myoclonus of diaphragm spasms
40
SINGULTUS IS ALSO CALLED
Hiccups
41
TORTICOLLIS IS ALSO CALLED
Wryneck
42
TORTICOLLIS
Stiff neck bc spasmodic contraction of neck muscles, pulling head to 1 side
43
BRADYKINESIA
Extreme slowness in movement; Parkinson’s
44
DYSKINESIA
Distortion/impairment of voluntary movement; jerky & fragmented
45
HYPERKINESIA
Abnormally increased muscle function/activity
46
HYPERKINESIA IS ALSO CALLED
Hyperactivity
47
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Chronic autoimmune; weakness & rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles bc of affected neuromuscular junctions
48
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Group of genetic disease w/progressive weakness & degeneration of muscles w/o impacting nerves; no treatment
49
DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD)
Common in boys 3-5 yrs; sex-linked & recessive; most unable to walk @ 12 w/breathing difficulty & heart disease; weaken shoulder & pelvic girdles
50
BECKER MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (BMD)
Similar to DMD but less severe
51
REPETITIVE STRESS DISORDERS
Variety of muscular conditions caused by repeated motions
52
REPETITIVE STRESS DISORDERS ARE ALSO CALLED
Repetitive motion disorders
53
COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
Compression of nerves & blood vessels from swelling in compartment
54
COMPARTMENT
Enclosed fascia space separating muscle groups
55
CAUSE: COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
Trauma, tight bandages, casts, repetitive actions
56
TRIGGER FINGER
Painful & progressive movement restriction; snapping sound sometimes when finger moves
57
MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME
Chronic pain disorder of muscles & fascia; develop trigger pnts
58
CAUSE: MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME
Muscle contracted repetitively
59
TRIGGER POINTS
Tender areas generally where fascia contact muscle
60
TENDINOPATHY
Irritation/degeneration of tendon in any joint
61
IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME
Inflamed & swollen tendons caught between bones in shoulder
62
AKA: IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME
Rotator cuff tendinitis/tennis shoulder/swimmer’s shoulder
63
ROTATOR CUFF TEAR
Irritated tendon weakness (in shoulder)
64
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (CTS)
Inflamed tensions thru carpal tunnel swell & put pressure on median nerve; pain, burning, itching, tingling
65
GANGLION CYST
Benign, fluid lump on outer surface of wrist/hand; gen painless & need no treatment; common in women 20-40 yrs
66
EPICONDYLITIS
Inflammation of tissues surrounding elbow
67
LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS IS ALSO CALLED
Tennis elbow
68
AKA: MEDIAL EPICONDYLITIS
Golfer’s elbow
69
A HEEL SPUR
Calcium deposit in plantar fascia near calcaneus
70
AKA: PLANTAR FASCIITIS
Plantar fasciopathy
71
MORTON’S NEUROMA
Pain on ball of foot from swollen nerve gen between 3rd & 4th toes
72
POSTERIOR TIBIAL TENDON DYSFUNCTION (PTTD)
Tendon supporting arch weakens
73
AKA: POSTERIOR TIBIAL TENDON DYSFUNCTION
Fallen arches
74
SHIN SPLINT
Tibialis anterior tear away from tibia
75
ILIOTIBIAL BAND SYNDROME (ITBS)
Iliotibial band rubs against bone (gen knee) from overuse leads to pain above knee joint
76
SPINAL CORD INJURY (SCI)
Bone presses/injures cord
77
MYOPARESIS
Weakness/slight muscular paralysis
78
HEMIPARESIS
Weakness/slight paralysis on 1 side
79
HEMIPLEGIA
Total paralysis on 1 side
80
PARAPLEGIA
Paralysis both legs & lower body
81
PARAPLEGIA IS ALSO CALLED
Partial paralysis
82
QUADRIPLEGIA
Paralysis of all 4 extremities
83
AKA: QUADRIPLEGIA
Tetraplegia
84
DYSTAXIA
Partial ataxia, milder
85
FLACCIDITY
Muscles flabby/relaxes/defective or absent tone
86
MYOCELE
Herniation of muscle thru tear in fascia
87
MYOLYSIS
Degeneration of muscle tissue
88
MYORRHEXIS
Rupture, tearing of muscle
89
PARAESTHESIA
Abnormal sensation but not painful; tingling, numbness, itching, prickling, burning
90
RIGOR/RIGIDITY
Muscle stiffness bc of chemical change
91
DEEP TENDON REFLEXES
Reflex hammer on tendon to determine homeostasis between cord & PNS
92
AKA: DEEP TENDON REFLEXES
Knee-jerk test
93
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
Measure electrical activity in fibers w/stimulation in patients w/weakness & impaired muscle strength
94
GONIOMETRY
Measurement of ROM in joint
95
NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING (NMI)
Radioactive substance & camera visualize structure & function
96
SONOGRAPHY
High-frequency sound waves show structures
97
AKA: SONOGRAPHY
Diagnostic sonography/ultrasound
98
CARPAL TUNNEL RELEASE
Surgical enlargement of carpal tunnel or cut carpal ligament to reduce pressure on median nerve
99
ANTISPASMODIC
Suppress smooth muscle contractions (stomach, intestine, bladder)
100
AKA: ANTISPASMODIC
Anticholinergic
101
CORTISONE
Corticosteroid for pain & inflammation
102
MUSCLE RELAXANT
Act on CNS; for stiffness, pain, & discomfort; possible negative reaction w/alcohol & antidepressants
103
NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING DRUGS
Temporary paralysis adjunct w/anesthesia in surgery
104
PLATELET-RICH PLASMA THERAPY
Patient’s blood make concentrated platelet-rich plasma; healing & pain management of joint
105
VISCOSUPPLEMENTATION
Direct injections of hyaluronic acid to knee to increase viscous fluid for temporary relief for arthritis
106
AKA: VISCOSUPPLEMENTATION
Chicken shots
107
MYOFASCIAL RELEASE
Specialized soft-tissue release; treat fibro, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, TMJ disorder, carpal tunnel
108
THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND
High-frequency sound waves to make heat deep in tissue; reduce pain, muscle spasms, & increase healing & blood flow
109
TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS)
Device deliver electrical impulse thru skin
110
FASCIOTOMY
Incision thru fascia relieves pressure gen for compartment syndrome
111
TENODESIS
Surgical suturing tendon end to bone
112
TENOLYSIS
Release tendon from adhesions
113
TENOTOMY
Surgical cutting of tendon for release/lengthening to correct contraction deformities
114
MYORRHAPHY
Surgical suturing of muscle
115
MYOTOMY
Surgical incision into muscle
116
ANALGESIC
Drug relieves pain
117
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs)
Group of drugs w/analgesic, anti-inflammatory, & antipyretic properties; no narcotic effects so less chance of addiction
118
MUSCLE INNERVATION
Stimulate muscle by impulse transmitted by motor nerve
119
CIRCUMDUCTION
Circular motion @ far end of limb
120
ROTATION
Circular motion around axis
121
ORIGIN
Where muscle begins nearest midline & less movable pt of skeleton
122
INSERTION
Where muscle ends; more movable & farther from midline
123
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGIST
Specialist under physician supervision to create exercise programs & does tests to promote fitness
124
PHYSIATRIST
Physician for physical medicine & rehab
125
ERGONOMICS
Study of human factors affecting design & operation of tools & work
