Integumentary System Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
Amount of layers in thick skin
A
5 layers
2
Q
Amount of layers in thin skin
A
4 layers
3
Q
Layers of thick skin (deep to superficial)
A
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum,
4
Q
What layer is NOT included in thin skin?
A
Stratum lucidum
5
Q
Location of thin skin
A
Everywhere besides palms and soles
6
Q
Location of thick skin
A
Palms of hands and soles of feet
7
Q
Melanin
A
Group of pigments determining color of skin, hair, and eyes
8
Q
True/False - All races have the same number of melanocytes
A
True
9
Q
Carotene
A
A yellow pigment in carrots and squash - (Vitamin A)
10
Q
Cyanosis
A
Decrease in blood oxygen - appear blue/purple
11
Q
Accessory Structures
A
Hair, nails, glands, and muscle
12
Q
Portion of hair above skin surface
A
Hair shaft
13
Q
Portion of hair below skin surface
A
Hair root
14
Q
Base of hair root
A
Hair bulb
15
Q
Center of hair
A
Medulla
16
Q
T/F: People with lighter skin have melanocytes that work harder
A
False
17
Q
T/F: Hair bulb produces hair
A
True
18
Q
Abundance of melanin in the hair
A
Dark hair
19
Q
Trichosiderin
A
A pigment found only in red hair
20
Q
Pigmented + unpigmented hair
A
Gray hair
21
Q
Intermediate quantity of pigment in hair
A
Blonde hair
22
Q
Arrector pilli
A
Raises hair, contraction causes goosebumps
23
Q
Types of sweat glands
A
Eccrine (merocrine) & Appocrine sweat glands
24
Q
What tissue mainly makes up the dermis?
A
Dense Connective Tissue
25
What is another name for the subcutaneous layer?
Hypodermis
26
What tissue(s) make up the hypodermis/subcutaneous layer?
Loose Connective Tissue and Adipose Connective Tissue
27
Location of eccrine sweat glands
Forehead, neck, and back (Top of the epidermis)
28
Location of apocrine sweat glands
Axillary region and groin (Hair follicles)
29
What do ceriminous glands produce?
Ear wax
30
What do mammary glands secrete?
Milk in females
31
Nail plate
Visible part of the nail
32
Nail root
Part of nail covered by skin
33
What do the nail root and nail body attach to?
Nail bed
34
What is the fastest growing nail?
Middle Finger
35
What is the slowest growing nail?
Thumb
36
Lunula
Whitish, crescent shape at the base of the nail
37
What kind of tissue is located in the epidermis?
Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue
38
Which layer of the skin goes through mitosis?
Stratum Basale
39
What layer of skin gets the LEAST amount of blood supply?
Stratum Corneum
40
What layer of the skin gets the MOST amount of blood supply?
Stratum Basale
41
What is skin color determined by?
Pigments, blood, and the thickness of stratum corneum
42
Albinism
Recessive gene for melanin deficiency
43
How does a suntan occur?
UV exposure stimulating melanin production
44
T/F - People with darker skin have melanocytes that work the same amount as people with lighter skin do.
False; People with darker skin have melanocytes that work harder compared to those with lighter skin
45
What is the most common sweat gland in the body?
Eccrine (Merocrine) Gland
46
What is another word for eponychium?
Cuticle
47
Temperature for hypothermia?
Falls below 95°
48
Temperature for hyperthermia?
Goes above 106°
49
How does a person die from hyperthermia?
Denaturation - DNA unravels
50
What happens to a person who has Hyperthermia?
Skin becomes flushed, hot, and dry
Person becomes weak, dizzy, and nauseous
Develops headache and an irregular pulse
51
Symptoms of Hypothermia
Loss of coordination, stiff muscles, slow + shallow breathing
52
What happens when the core temperature falls to 88°?
The skin turns blue/grey, consciousness slips away
53
Stratum Basale vs. Stratum Corneum
Basale: Deepest layer of epidermis, direct blood supply, made up of columnar and cuboidal ET
Corneum: Most superficial layer of epidermis, lacks blood supply, made up of stratified squamous ET
54
T/F: Shallow wounds involve the epidermis and dermis
False; A shallow wound only involves the epidermis
55
What happens if a wound extends into the dermis or deeper?
1. Blood vessels break, forming a clot
2. The blood clot and dried tissue fluids forms a scab (protects underlying tissue)
3. Fibroblasts migrate into the wound and form new collagen fibers (similar to stitches)
4. Phagocytic cells remove dead cells and other debris
5. Scab falls off
6. Newly formed connective tissue MAY appear as a scar
56
T/F: Scars stick out because they are made of connective tissue
True; Fibroblast C.T. are responsible for scars. Since the epidermis is made out of E.T., the scar sticks out because it is made up of different tissue
57
Superficial Partial Thickness Burn
1st-degree burn
58
Deep Partial Thickness Burn
2nd-degree burn
59
Full Thickness Burn
3rd-degree burn
60
How does a superficial partial thickness burn happen?
Sunburn or quick exposure to hot/cold
61
T/F: A superficial partial thickness burn leaves scarring
False; A superficial partial thickness burn (1st-degree) leaves NO SCARRING
62
T/F: A superficial partial thickness burn heals quickly
True; A 1st degree burn heals quickly after the surface layer is shed
63
Which layer(s) of the skin are affected after a deep partial thickness burn?
Epidermis and Dermis
64
How do deep partial thickness burns heal?
Healing of 2nd degree burns rely on accessory organs (hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands)
65
How do accessory organs heal deep partial thickness burns?
Gives rise to a new epidermis in order to replace the area. IF there are no accessory organs in the area, skin from other places is used
66
T/F; Full thickness burns don’t hurt
True; 3rd degree burns don’t hurt because the nervous tissue is destroyed
67
What is the most common type of cancer?
Skin Cancer
68
T/F; An extensive thickness burn may require a transplant
True
69
Types of Transplants
Autograft, Artificial membranes, Skin substitute, Homograft
70
Homograft
A type of transplant than uses skin from a cadaver
71
Cadaver
Dead Body
72
Autograft
A thin layer of skin from an unburned region of the body
73
Calluses
Hard Skin - increase in number of layers in stratum corneum due to friction
74
Location of Calluses
Hands
75
How do melanomas differ from carcinomas?
Melanomas: Asymmetrical, Uneven edges, 2+ shades, Larger than 1/4 inch
Carcinomas: Symmetrical, Even Edges, One shade, Smaller than 1/4 inch
76
Melanoma
Skin cancer originating from melanocytes (moles)
77
Carcinoma
Skin cancers originating from epithelial cells
78
What are the two main types of carcinomas?
Squamous cell carcinomas and Basal cell carcinomas
79
T/F: Cutaneous carcinomas are the most common type of skin cancer
True
80
How can you tell the difference between cutaneous carcinomas and cutaneous melanomas?
Asymmetry - Carcinomas are symmetrical and Melanomas are asymmetrical
Border - Carcinomas have even edges and Melanomas have uneven edges
Color - Carcinomas are one shade and Melanomas have 2+ shades
Diameter - Carcinomas are smaller than 1/4 inch and Melanomas are larger than 1/4 inch
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