What are the 4 Skin Derivatives
- Sweat Glands
- Oil Glands
- Hairs and hair follicles
- Nails
What are the 6 functions of skin?
- Chemical, physical & biological protection
- Body Temperature Regulation
- Cutaneous Sensation
- Metabolic functions
- Blood reservoir
- Excretion
How much skin can hold the body’s total blood volume?
5%
What’s the 6 types of damage the skin protects from
- Mechanical Damage
- Chemical Damage
- Baterial Damage
- Thermal Damage
- Ultraviolet Radiation
- Desiccation
What type of skin tissue is the epidermis made of?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium with Keratin
What are the 5 epidermis layers?
- Stratum Basale
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Corneum
What stratum layer is letter A?
Stratum Corneum
What stratum layer is letter B?
Stratum Lucidum
What Stratum layer is letter D?
Stratum Spinosum
What Stratum Layer is letter E?
Stratum Basale
What Stratum Layer is letter C?
Stratum Granulosum
Where do calluses develop?
Palms of hands and soles of feet
What is the type of protein that provides waterproofing and preserves permeability characteristics such as Nicotine Patches
Glycolipids
What is the upper layer of skin called?
Epidermis
What is the lower, strong, flexible connnective tissue of the skin called?
Dermis
What are the two layers of the Dermis called?
- Papillary Layer
- Reticular Layer
The layer of the dermis that has pain receptors, is a thin, superficial layer of areolar connective tissue and has projections that are for friction ridges and fingerprints
Papillary Layer
The layer of the dermis that makes up 80% of the dermis, has blood vessels, sweat glands
Reticular Layer
What does the reticular layer of the dermis have?
Blood vessels, glands, nerve receptors and eleastic fibers
What is the gland that produces oil, softens and lubricates hair and skin and are activated at puberty
Subaceous Glands
What is the type of sweat gland that dissipates excess heat through evaporative cooling?
Eccrine Gland
What is the sweat gland that is in the armpits & pubic area that ducts emptu into hair follicles and is activated by strees, pain & sexual excitement and NOT by temperture
Apocrine Gland
What is the modified sweat gland that is found in the lining of the external ear canal
Ceruminous gland
Where on the skin is hair not on?
Soles, Lips, & Nipples
What 3 parts make up the hair
- Bulb
- Root
- Shaft
What type of cells create hair
Stratum basale cells
What structure of the nail is crescent shaped vascular area that is proximal end of the nail bed and visible. Made to check oxygen status for patients?
Lunule
What are fluid-filled pockets between the epidermis & dermis
Blisters
How are Decubitus ulcers “bed sores” made
Blood supply restricted
O2 is reduced
Necrosis (Tissue death)
Areas of high risk are least padded
What is tissue damage by heat, electricty, UV radiation, or chemicals
Burns
What are the 4 catastrophic losses of body fluids that result from burns
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Renal Failure
- Ciculatory shock
What is the infection that is the leading cause of death in burn victims
Sepsis
What is the degree burn that only damages the epidermis, results in redness, pain, and swelling, and usually heals in 2-3 days.
1st Degree
What is the degree burn that damages the epidermis and dermis, has redness, pain,and inflammations but also bilstering, and requires 3-4 weeks to heal?
2nd Degree
What is the degree burn that does total tissue destructure of the epidermis, dermis, and even hypodermis, tissues become discolored but doesn’t have pain due to nerve endings burnt off, and requires skin graft
3rd Degree
What are the 3 most common skin cancer types
- Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma
What is the skin cancer that is the most common type
Basal Cell Carcinoma
What is the skin cancer that results in a scaly reddened papule that occurs on the head, ears, lower lip and hands
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
What is the skin cancer that appears spontaneously about 1/3 from preexisting moles
Malignat Melanoma
What is the ABCD(E) rule detection for cancer?
A. Asymmetry
B. Irregular Border
C. Color
D. Larger than 6mm in diameter
E. Elevation above the skin surface and evolution