Integumentary System Histology Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
What are the components of skin?
A
Skin
Epidermal Derivatives
2
Q
What are Epidermal Derivatives?
A
- Hair follicles & hair
- Sweat (sudoriferous) glands
- Sebaceous (oil) glands
- Nails
3
Q
Functions of Integumentary system
A
Protective•Immunologic•Homeostasis •Sensory•Endocrine•Exocrine
4
Q
Two principle layers of skin
A
Epidermis & Dermis
5
Q
Superficial layer of skin
A
Epidermis
6
Q
What type of epithelium is the epidermis?
A
Keratinized stratified squamous
7
Q
Where is the epidermis derived from?
A
Ectoderm
8
Q
Is the epidermis vascular?
A
No, avascular
9
Q
Deep layer of the skin
A
Dermis
10
Q
What is the dermis made of?
A
Connective tissue
11
Q
What is the dermis derived from?
A
Mesoderm
12
Q
Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin
A
Hypodermis
13
Q
What is the hypodermis composed of?
A
Adipose tissue, vascularized
14
Q
Where is thick skin found?
A
Palms of hands and soles of feet
15
Q
Found in areas subject to the most abrasion
A
Thick skin
16
Q
Hairless skin
A
Thick skin
17
Q
Thickest epidermal layer
A
Thick skin
18
Q
Hair follicles present in
A
Thin skin
19
Q
- Found everywhere except palms of hands and soles of feet
- Much thinner epidermis than thick skin
A
Thin skin
20
Q
How many layers in thin skin?
A
4 layers
21
Q
How many layers in thick skin?
A
5 layers
22
Q
Name the layers of epidermis from Deep to superficial
A
- Stratum Basale
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Corneum
23
Q
- Produce keratins
- Participate in formation of water barrier
A
Keratinocytes (85%)
24
Q
Pigment producing cells
A
Melanocytes (5%)
25
Antigen presenting cells of the immune system
Langerhans' cells (2%-5%)
26
Mechanoreceptor cells associated with sensory nerve endings
Merkel's cells (6%-10%)
27
Principal cell type of epidermis
Keratinocytes
28
Major structural proteins of epidermis
Keratins
29
What do keratins form?
Keratin filaments
30
Keratin filaments are classified as
Intermediate filaments or tonofilaments
31
What do keratinocytes help form
Epidermal water barrier
32
What is the water barrier formed via?
Production of lamellar bodies
33
- Tubular/ovoid shaped membrane bound organelles
| - Lipid-containig structures
Epidermal water barrier
34
Single layer of basophilic cells
Stratum Basale
35
How are cells in the Stratum basale?
Small and cuboidal/ low columnar
36
Mitotically active layer; contains stem cells that give rise to keratinocytes
Stratum Basale
37
Where does the production of intermediate (keratin) filament begin?
Stratum Basale
38
Keratinocytes exhibit numerous cytoplasmic processes (“spines”)
Stratum Spinosum
39
In Stratum Spinosum Cell processes attached to those of adjacent cells via
Desmosomes
40
What occurs to stratum spinosum during histological prep?
Cells shrink, leaving expanded intercellular spaces between the spines
41
What contributes to the spiny/ prickly appearance in Stratum spinosum?
Cells shrinking during histological prep
42
What are intermediate filaments grouped into bundles called
tonofibrils
43
What is another word for intermediate filaments?
tonofilaments
44
What production begins in the stratum spinosum?
Production of keratohyalin granules and lamellar bodies
45
What do keratinocytes contain?
Keratohyalin granules
46
Intensely basophilic
Stratum Granulosum
47
Conversion of granular cells into cornified cells
Keratinization
48
Released within the stratum granulosum
Lamellar bodies
49
- Basophilic
- Tonofibrils
- Keratinization
- Lamellar bodies
Stratum Granulosum
50
Layer only found in thick skin
Stratum Lucidum
51
Thin translucent layer of eosinophilic cells
Stratum lucidum
52
Nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles becomes disrupted and disappear
Stratum Lucidum
53
Cells lose nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles
Stratum Corneum
54
Filled almost entirely (85%) with keratin
Stratum Corneum
55
Cells of this layer sloughed off at the surface
Statum Corneum
56
Cells are dead; represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin: Glycolipids in extracellular space
Stratum Corneum
57
Cells are flattened; organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellated granules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules
Stratum Granulosum
58
Cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin
Stratum Spinosum
59
Cells are actively mitotic stem cells
| -Some newly formed cells becomes part of the more superficial layers
Stratum Basale
60
Produce & secrete the pigment melanin
Melanocytes
61
Synthesized and stored in melanosomes
Melanin
62
What type of cells are melanocytes?
Dendritic cells
63
Rounded cell bodies in stratum basale
Melanocytes
64
Where are long processes of melanocytes extended upward and between keratinocytes in
Stratum spinosum
65
Where are melanin-containing melanosomes transferred into?
Adjacent keratinocytes
66
Why does melanin accumulate over nuclei?
To protect DNA from UV radiation
67
Possess elongated nuclei surrounded by clear cytoplasm
Melanocytes
68
Where are antigen presenting cells typically found within?
Stratum Spinosum
69
What are Langerhan's cells derived from?
Bone marrow
70
Encounter and process antigens entering through skin
Langerhan's cells
71
What do langerhan's cells present processed antigen to within nearby lymph node?
T lymphocytes
72
Mechanoreceptor cells associated with sensory nerve endings
Merkel's cells
73
Where are merkel's cells located within?
Statum basale
74
What does Merkel's cells contain?
Neurosecretory granules
75
Base of Merkel’s cells associate with expanded, plate-like terminal of afferent nerve fibers
Merkel's Corpuscle
76
What are the 3 major types of skin cancer
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma
77
* Most common
* Resembles cells of stratum basale
* Slow-growing tumor
Basal cell Carcinoma
78
* Second most common
| * Characterized by highly atypical cells at all levels of epidermis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
79
* Most serious form
* Originates from melanocytes
* Presents as irregularly pigmented, multicolor lesion
Malignant Melanoma
80
2 layers of the dermis
- Papillary Layer
| - Reticular layer
81
What tissue is in the papillary layer?
Loose (areolar) Connective tissue
82
Finger-like connective tissue protrusions
Dermal papillae
83
Where do dermal papillae project into epidermis?
Epidermal-dermal junction
84
What tissue is the reticular layer made of?
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
85
Which layer of the dermis is the thickest?
Reticular layer
86
Which layer of the dermis has the most cells?
Papillary layer
87
Large Ovoid structures
Pacinian Corposucles
88
Where are Pacinian corpuscles found?
Dermis and Hypodermis
89
Where are Pacinian corpuscles found?
Dermis and hypodermis
90
Myelinated nerve ending surrounded by a capsule?
Pacinian Corpuscle
91
What does the capsule of the Pacinian corpuscle consist of?
Concentric lamellae
92
Series of tightly packed, flattened Schwann cell lamellae surrounding unmyelinated axon
Inner core of Pacinian Corpuscles
93
What do Pacinian Corpuscles do?
Detect pressure and vibration
94
Tapered, cylindrical structures
Meissner's Corpuscles
95
Where are Messner's Corpuscles located?
Within dermal papillae of hairless skin
96
What forms lamellae in Meissner's Corpuscles
Flattened Schwann cells
97
What follows spiral paths in Meissner's Corpuscles?
Unmyelinated nerve endings
98
What do Meissner's Corpuscles do?
Detect light touch
99
Derived from down-growths of epidermal epithelium during development?
Epidermal Skin Appendages
100
- Hair follicles and hair
- Eccrine Sweat glands
- Apocrine Sweat glands
- Secaceous glands
Epidermal Skin Appendages
101
Eccrine sweat glands
Sudoriferous
102
Apocrine sweat glands
Sudoriferous
103
Sebaceous glands
Oil
104
Elongated filamentous, keratinized structures that project from hair follicles
Hair
105
Responsible for the production and growth of a hair
Hair Follicle
106
Where are hair follicles found?
Along the surface of most of the entire body, except thick skin
107
Smooth muscle extending from connective tissue sheath surrounding hair follicle to papillary layer of dermis
Arrector Pili Muscle
108
Causes hair to "stand on end" resulting in goosebumps"
Arrector Pili Muscle
109
- Role in insulation
| - Sympathetic innervation
Arrector pili muscle
110
* Widely distributed
* Simple coiled tubular gland
* Merocrine secretion •Thermoregulatory
* Excretes wastes and excess salts
Eccrine Sweat Gland
111
- Double layer of epithelial cells
- Secretory cells are larger and appear lighter than the cells of the duct
- Located deep in dermis or upper part of hypodermis
Secretory portion of Eccrine Sweat Glands
112
- Narrower outside diameter and lumen than secretory portion
- Double layer of small cuboidal cells (i.e., stratified cuboidal epithelium)
- Duct cells are smaller and appear darker than the cells of the secretory portion
- Leads to epidermal surface
Duct portion of Eccrine Sweat Glands
113
Where are Apocine sweat glands found?
Axillary and perineal regions of the body
114
- Viscous, protein rich sweat
| - Product secreted into hair follicles
Apocrine Sweat Glands
115
What type of secretion is Apocine Sweat glands
Merocrine secretion
116
Gland shape in apocrine sweat glands
Coiled tubular glands with very wide lumens
117
When do apocrine sweat glands become functional?
Puberty
118
What leads to body odor?
The bacterial breakdown of sweat
119
Where are the secretory portion of the eccrine sweat glands found?
In the deep dermin or upper part of the hypodermis
120
What is the difference of secretory cells in the Eccrine sweat glands compared to the ducts
Secretory cells are larger and appear lighter
121
Epithelium in the duct portion of Eccrine Sweat glands?
Stratified cuboidal
122
Where does the duct portion of the Eccrine sweat glands lead to?
Epidermal surface
123
Where is the secretory portion of the apocrine sweat glands found?
Upper part of the hypodermis or deep in dermis
124
What epithelium is in the secretory portion of the Apocrine sweat glands?
Simple cuboidal
125
What gland has the widest lumen?
Secretory portion of the Apocrine sweat gland
126
What epithelium is in the apocrine duct portion
Stratified cuboidal epithelium (2-3 layers)
127
Where does the duct portion of the apocrine sweat gland empty?
Follicle canal, not surface
128
Throughout skin of most regions of the body, especially in skin of forehead, palms and soles
Eccrine Sweat Glands
129
Skin of Axilla, groin, areolas, bearded regions of the face and labia minora
Appocrine Sweat Glands
130
Secretory portion location of Eccrine
Mostly in deep dermis
131
Secretory portion of Apocrine
Mostly in subcutaneous layer
132
Termination of excretory duct in Eccrine
Surface of epidermis
133
Termination of excretory duct in Apocrine
Hair follicle
134
Secretion: Less viscous, consists of water, ions, urea, uric acid, ammonia, amino acids, glucose and lactic acid
Eccrine sweat glands
135
Secretion: More viscous, consists of all the same components of eccrine plus lipids and proteins
Apocrine sweat glands
136
Regulation of body temp and waste removal
Eccrine Sweat glands
137
Stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement
Apocrine Sweat glands
138
When is the onset of function of Eccrine Sweat glands?
Soon after birth
139
When is the onset of function of Apocrine sweat glands?
Puberty
140
Where are Sebaeous glands found?
Everywhere except thick skin
141
Type of glands of Sebaceous glands?
Branch acinar
142
Lipid-containing substance produced and secreted by gland
Sebum
143
Where does sebaceous gland secrete?
Into hair follicle
144
What type of secretion does Sebaceous glands do?
Holocrine
145
Gland that is involved in acne development
Sebaceous Glands
146
Plates of keratinized cells that rest on nail beds
Nails
