Upper Limb Arm & Forearm Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
Is associated with the lateral aspect of the lower portion of the neck and with the thoracic wall
A
Upper limb
2
Q
What suspends the upper limbs from the trunk
A
Muscles & Sternoclavicular joint
3
Q
What is the upper limb divided into?
A
Shoulder, arm, forearm and hand
4
Q
Where is the scapula attached at
A
Acromioclavicular joint
5
Q
Allows the arm to move around three axes with a wide ROM.
A
Glenohumeral joint
6
Q
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation (internal rotation), lateral rotation (external rotation) and circumduction
A
Movement of the glenohumeral joint
7
Q
major movements a the elbow = flexion & extension of the forearm
A
Elbow joint
8
Q
flipping the lateral bone over the medial bone
A
Pronation
9
Q
hand can be abducted, adducted, flexed, extended, circumducted.
A
Wrist joint
10
Q
These movements combined with those of the shoulder, arm and forearm enable the hand to be placed in a very wide range of positions relative to the body.
A
Wrist joint
11
Q
irregularly shaped pyramidal area formed by muscles and bones of the shoulder and the lateral surface of the thoracic wall.
A
Axilla
12
Q
triangularly shaped depression formed by muscles anterior to the elbow joint the major artery: the brachial artery, passing from the arm to the forearm passes through the fossa as does the median n.
A
Cubital fossa
13
Q
What passes through the cubital fossa
A
Brachial artery and median nerve
14
Q
Gateway to the palm of the hand
A
Carpal tunnel
15
Q
Its posterior, lateral, and medial walls form an arch, which is made up of small carpal bones in the proximal region of the hand.
A
Carpal tunnel
16
Q
Where are cutaneous nerves located?
A
Superficial fascia
17
Q
- not visible thru skin
- branches of brachial plexus deep to deep fascia
A
Cutaneous nerves
18
Q
Where are superficial veins located?
A
Superficial fascia
19
Q
- generally visible thru skin
- tributaries to deep vv. beneath deep fascia
A
Superficial veins
20
Q
What innervated the upper limbs?
A
Brachial plexus
21
Q
Formed by the anterior rami of the cervical spinal nn C5-C8 & T1
A
Brachial plexus
22
Q
Innervated the arm, forearm and hand
A
Brachial plexus
23
Q
Spinal chord levels associated with brachial plexus
A
C5-C8 & T1
24
Q
Innervates the superior shoulder and anterior superior shoulder
A
C3-C4
25
Used for testing sensation based on the innervation pattern
Dermatomes of UL
26
How are the dermatomes of the upper limb
Fairly specific and reliable /reproducible
27
Upper later arm
C5
28
Palmar pad of thumb
C6
29
Pad of index
C7
30
Pad of little finger
C8
31
Skin of medial elbow
T1
32
Superficiacl veins of the UL
- Cephalic
- Basilic
- Median cubital
- Dorsal venous arch
33
Path of venous return
Distal to proximal
34
What does the cephalic vein drain?
Posterior/lateral aspect of UL
35
Runs in deltopectoral groove & pierces deep fascia
Cephalic vein
36
The cephalic vein is tributary to
Axillary vein
37
What does the basilic vein drain
Anterior/medial aspect of UL
38
What does the basilic vein pierce?
Fascia of arm
39
The basilic vein is tributary to
Axillary vein
40
What does the median cubital vein connect?
Cephalic & Basilic
41
Where is the median cubital vein located?
In the cubital fossa
42
“I.V. vein” for venipuncture
- -intravenous fluid injection
- -drawing blood
Median cubital vein
43
What does the dorsal venous arch of the hand drain
Superficial dorsal vein of hand
44
Where is the dorsal venous arch of hand located?
It arches across dorsal surface of hand
45
The dorsal venous arch of hand is tributary to
Cephalic and basilic vv.
46
The dorsal venous arch of the hand is sometimes used for
Venipuncture
47
Deep fascia of the arm
Brachial fascia
48
Connected to humerus by 2 fascial septa
Deep fascia of the arm
49
Divides arm into anterior & posterior compartments
Deep fascia of the arm
50
mm., nn., & aa., compartmentalized via
deep fascia
51
Clinically relevant to compartmental syndromes
Deep fascia of the arm
52
_____ pressure in compartment can affect circulation
Increased
53
Directly related to the neck
UL
54
formed by the lateral margin of Rib 1, posterior surface of the clavicle and the superior margin of the scapula & the medial surface of the coracoid process of the scapula.
Axillary inlet
55
- Rib 1
- Clavical
- Scapula
- Coracoid process
Axillary inlet
56
The major artery and vein of the UL pass between the thorax and the UL by passing ...
Over Rib 1 and thru the axillary inlet
57
On either side of the humerus
| -medial & lateral
Intermuscular septa
58
What is contained in the anterior compartment of the arm
- Biceps brachii
- Coracobrachialis
- Brachialis mm
59
Contains brachial vessels & 5 brachial plexus nn.
Anterior compartment of arm
60
3 Motor nerves and 2 cutaneous nerves
Brachial plexus
61
3 motor nerves in brachial plexus
- musculocutaneous
- median
- ulnar nn.
62
2 cutaneous nerves in brachial plexus
- Medial brachial
| - Medial antibrachial cutaneous
63
Supply skin of medial arm & forearm
Cutaneous nerves in the brachial plexus
64
Flexor compartment
Anterior compartment of arm
65
Has 2 heads
Biceps brachii
66
‘coracoid process to arm’
Coracobrachialis m
67
'Arm'
Brachialis m
68
flexes & supinates forearm (slight arm flexion)
Biceps brachii muscle
69
musculocutaneous n. & brachial vessels
Biceps brachii muscle
70
an accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
Biceps brachii
71
Action of Coracobrachialis m.
Flexes arm
72
What innervates the coracobrachialis m
Musculocutaneous n. & brachial vessels
73
Action of brachialis m.
Flexes forearm
74
What innervates the brachialis
radial & musculocutaneous nn. & brachial vessels
75
Deep to the biceps brachii m.
Brachialis
76
Flexes the arm and the elbow joint – powerful.
Brachialis m
77
Extensors the elbow/forearm
Posterior compartment of arm
78
Where are the radial nerve and deep brachial artery located?
Posterior compartment of the arm
79
Initially located within triangular interval
Radial n and deep brachial a
80
Contains triceps brachii muscle
Posterior compartment of the arm
81
the lateral portion of the brachialis m. that would be receiving the contribution from
Radial nerve
82
Extensor compartment
Posterior compartment of Arm
83
Action of triceps brachii
Extends forearm
84
What innervates triceps brachii
radial n. & deep brachial vessels
85
Where are the origins of the triceps brachii
Deep to the deltoid muscle
86
How many heads does triceps brachii have
3
87
Profunda brachii =
Deep brachial artery
88
The joint of the humerus and the ulna and radius.
Elbow
89
the anterior depression of the elbow joint
Cubital fossa
90
What happens at the cubital fossa
Major neurovasculature passes from the arm to the forearm
91
Where does the ulna nerve pass?
posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
92
Depressed area anterior to elbow
Cubital fossa
93
What does the cubital fossa contain?
- Biceps brachii tendon
- Brachial a
- Median n.
94
Forearm flexors to the
Medial of the cubital fossa
95
Forearm extensors to the
Lateral of the cubital fossa
96
part of the UL between the elbow and the wrist joints.
Forearm
97
complex joint involving 3 separate articulation.
Elbow joint
98
articular surface of the head of the ulna, with the ulnar notch on the end of the radius and with a fibrous articular disc which separates the radio-ulnar joint from the wrist joint.
Distal Radio-ulnar joint
99
thin fibrous sheet that connects the medial and lateral borders of the radius and ulna respectively
Interosseous membrane
100
____ with the sheet pass predominantly inferiorly from the radius to the ulna.
Collagen fibers
101
Just inferior to the radial tuberosity and a small circular aperture in its distal 3rd.
Superior free margin
102
Connects the radius and ulna without restricting its movements: supination and pronation.
Interosseous membrane
103
Anatomincal position of the hand
Supination
104
Occur entirely in the forearm and involve rotation of the radius at the elbow and movement of the distal end of the radius over the ulna
Pronation and supination
105
Where is the cubital fossa located
Anterior to the elbow joint
106
Major structure that doesn't pass through the cubital fossa
Ulnar nerve
107
Distally structures pass between the forearm and the hand through or anterior to the carpel tunnel except
Radial artery
108
Where does the radial artery pass
Dorsally around the rest and enters the hand posteriorly
109
3 layers of the anterior compartment of forerarm
- Superficial (4)
- Intermediate (1)
- Deep (3)
110
wrist movements, flexion of digits & thumb, and pronation
Functions of the Anterior Compartment of Forearm
111
The anterior forearm has no more contributions from
C5
112
What does contribute to the anterior forearm
C6-C8 and T1
113
Layers of the posterior compartment of the forearm
- Superficial (7)
| - Deep (5)
114
movement of the wrist
| extension of the fingers and thumb. supination
Functions of the posterior compartment of the forearm
115
Radial nerve
C5-C8
116
There are no contribution of ____ in the posterior forearm
T1
117
Where does the C5 component of the radial n come in
Where the brachioradialis m extends superiorly across the elbow joint to the lateral arm
118
Pierces coracobrachialis m. to supply it
Musculocuntaneous nerve
119
What does the musculocuntaneous nerve supple
All of biceps brachii and medial part of brachialis m, coracobrachialis m
120
- Emerges between these mm. as lateral antebrachial cutaneous m.
- Supplies skin of lateral forearm
Musculocuntaneous nerve
121
- Runs down medial aspect of arm lateral to brachial a.
- Crosses over to medial side of it & enters cubital fossa
- Runs between superficial & deep anterior forearm mm
Median N
122
What does the median nerve supply
Most muscles of anterior forearm
123
Continues under carpal tunnel to supply lateral hand – palmar br. (cutaneous)
Median nerve
124
originates from the median n. in the distal forearm immediately proximal to the flexor retinaculum, passes superficially to innervate the skin over the base and central palm.
Small palmer branch
125
Spared in carpal tunnel syndrome because it passes into the hand superficial to the flexor retinaculum of the wrist.
Palmar branch
126
- Travels posteriorly down medial aspect of arm
- Runs in cubital tunnel between medial epicondyle & olecranon
- -very superficial at this point (‘funny bone’)
- Dives deep into medial forearm (with ulnar a.) to supply it
Ulnar Nerve
127
Continues over carpal tunnel to supply medial hand & deepest mm. of hand
Ulnar nerve
128
- Runs with deep brachial a. in radial groove of humerus
- -between lateral & medial heads of triceps m.
- Continues between brachialis & brachioradialis mm.
Radial Nerve
129
What does the radial nerve supply
all of triceps brachii & lateral part of brachialis m.
130
Divides into superficial & deep branches
Radial Nerve
131
Continues to supply skin on the back of the hand
Superficial branch of radial nerve
132
Dives to supply muscles of posterior forearm
Deep branch of radial nerve
133
Direct continuation of Axillary A.
Brachial A.
134
What does the Brachial a. split into in the cubital fossa?
Radial a. and Ulnar a.
135
Runs from inferior border of teres major m. to its bifurcation
Brachial A.
136
- Sends off deep brachial a. & several muscular branches
| - Sends off superior & inferior ulnar collateral aa.
Brachial Artery
137
Supplies entire UL
Brachial Artery
