Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Flashcards
(40 cards)
What three criteria must be meet for a diagnosis of intellectual disability?
- Significant deficits in intellectual functioning IQ
What percentage of intellectually disabled also have emotional disturbances?
15-20%
What are the criteria for Mild Intellectual Disability?
- IQ 50/55 to 70
- 85% have IQ less than 70 so adult mental age of 9-12yo
- some/none adult support
- Few signs of brain pathology
- Families of low intelligence and SES
What are the criteria for moderate Intellectual Disability?
- IQ 35/40 to 55
- 10% of those
What are the criteria for severe Intellectual Disability?
- IQ 20/25 to 35
- 3-4% of those
What are the criteria for Profound Intellectual Disability?
- IQ
What are the criteria for Borderline Intellectual Disability?
- IQ 71 to 81
- V Code “Other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention”
What are deficits in cognitive abilities?
- Attention to stimuli - distracted by irrelevant stimuli eg look at shape colours and not geometric shape
- Short term memory deficits
- Processing speed
What are deficits in adaptive skills?
- Communication
- Social skills - difficulty making and keeping friends, little awareness of social conventions
- Academic skills - understanding signs, labels, etc
- Sensorimotor skills - not related to the degree of intellectual impairment
- Self help skills - training for activities in daily living eg dressing
- Vocational skills: Mild (simplified jobs in open employment), Moderate (Simple jobs in sheltered workshops)
What percentage of cases have the primary cause identified?
25-35%
What gender has higher profound/severe intellectual disability?
Equal males to females
What gender has higher Mild/moderate intellectual disability?
Males>females
What level of intellectual disability has the most organic brain deficit identified?
Mild/Moderate
What SES group has higher profound/severe intellectual disability?
Equal across all groups
What SES has higher mild/moderate intellectual disability?
Lower SES groups
What is the cultural (Family retardation) aeitiology for Intellectual Disability?
- Inadequate language models/stimulation
- Poor diet
- Inadequate medical care
- Lower expectations
What is the Genetic Based Disorders that may cause Intellectual Disability from a Dominant Gene?
Fragile X Syndrome
What is the Genetic Based Disorders that may cause Intellectual Disability from a Recessive Gene?
Phenylketonuria (Pku) heel prick test
What is the infectious disease aeitiology for Intellectual Disability?
- Maternal disease in utero: toxoplasmosis, cytomeagalo virus, rubella, herpes simplex, syphilis
- After birth: meningitis
What is the leading cause of Intellectual Disability?
Accidents
What is the primary treatment for Intellectual Disability?
- Eugenics movement: segregation and sterilisation
- Healthcare measures: vaccinations, Detection/treatment infectious diseases, diagnostic testing
- Genetic counseling
What is the secondary treatment for Intellectual Disability?
Identify children at risk and early intervention eg Project Headstart
What is the tertiary treatment for Intellectual Disability?
- Early intervention
- Mainstreaming
- Teaching strategies: applied behaviour analysis eg backward chaining, play therapy, computer assisted instructions
What three criteria must be meet for a diagnosis of autism?
- Persistent deficits in social communications and social interaction across multiple contexts (social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication behaviours, developing.maintaining and understanding relationships)
- Restrictive, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities (stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, Insistence on sameness, ritualised patterns of behavour, highly restricted and fixated interests, higher or hyporeactivity to sensory input
- Must be present in the early development period
