Substance Use Disorder Flashcards
(45 cards)
What SES group has highest alcohol abuse?
Low SES groups
Is alcohol abuse higher in rural or urban settings?
Rural
Is non alcohol drug abuse higher in rural or urban settings?
Urban
What is substance abuse highly comorbid with?
Anxiety and depression
What are Substance Induced Disorders?
Symptoms result from acute and chronic effects of substances on CNS (intoxication and withdrawal biochemical impact)
What is Substance Use Disorder?
Specific patterns of maladaptive behaviour, cognitions and physiological symptoms from regular drug use
What are the DSM-V criteria for Substance Use Disorder?
A. Probematic pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment and stress with 2 of the following for 12 months:
- Impaired control - increased use, unsuccessful control and cravings
- Social impairment - use despite impacting relationships and work, abandoning social, occupational or recreational activities
- Risky use - continued use despite serious problems
- Pharmacological - tolerance and withdrawal
What substances are classified as Group A?
Alocohol, Opiods and sedatives
What impact do depressants have?
Slows activity in CNS leading to reduced tension, judgement, motor activity and concentration
What impact does Alcohol have?
- Delirium tremens, sympathetic overdrive, global confusion, seizures
- Alcohol hallucination
- Cirrhosis (liver damage), depressed heart functioning, nutritional problems (Vitamin B deficit), Wernicke’s encephalogy (delirium, double vision), Korsakoff’s syndrome (profound memory impairment)
What is Wernicke’s Encephalogy?
Delirium and double vision due to vitamin B deficits
What is Korsakoff’s Syndrome?
Profound memory impairment due to vitamin B deficit
What is the Genetics view of the aetiology of alcoholism?
- Heritiability risk of alcoholism 66%
- Adoption studies: environment predicts initial use but genetics predict progression to dependency
What is the Biological view of the aetiology of alcoholism?
- Psychoactive drugs stimulate rewards pathways
- Endorphin compensation hypothesis- - Alcohol increases the production of endorphins
- Serotonin Hypothesis - Alcohol increases serotonin to average levels
What is the Behavioural view of the aetiology of alcoholism?
- Tension reduction hypothesis
- Operant conditioning
- Modelling and vicarious reinforcement
What is the Cognitive view of the aetiology of alcoholism?
Attitudional/expectancy variables
What is the Social Contexts view of the aetiology of alcoholism?
- Peer pressure, availability and legal context
What are sedatives/hypnotic drugs?
- Anti anxiety drugs (benzodiazepines eg valium)
- Barbiturates
What are the effects of Barbituates?
- Respiratory failure
- Low blood pressure
- Accidental/deliberate overdose
- tolerance increases rapidly
- withdrawal symptoms similar to alcohol
What are Opioids (narcotics)?
Heroin, morphine, methodone/buprenorphine, painkillers (eg Oxycontin, panadeine)
What drugs make up Group B Stimulants?
Nicotine, caffine, cocaine, Amphetamines (speed)
What do stimulants do to the body?
Increase activity in the CNS - increase blood pressure, heart rate, intensified behavioural activity, thought processes and alertness
What drugs make up Group C Hallucinogens?
Psychedelic drugs (LSD, ecstasy), Cannabis
What do Hallucinogens do to the body?
Causes changes in sensory perception. May intensify emotions and create a sense of detachment
