Personality Disorders Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are the key features of personality disorders?
Long term, chronic, enduring and pervasive pattern
What percentage of patients with a personality disorder have only one personality disorder?
11%
What are the advantages of a Dimensional (spectrum continuum) criteria for Personality disorders?
- Retain max amount of information
- More flexible
- Eliminates classification dilemmas for borderline cases
What are the disadvantages of a Dimensional (spectrum continuum) criteria for Personality disorders?
- May mask underlying differences
What are the advantages of a Categorical criteria for Personality disorders?
- Ease in communication and conceptualisation
- Consistent with popular language and clinical decision making
What are the disadvantages of a Categorical criteria for Personality disorders?
- Loss of information
- Assumes all members of a class are homogenous and mutually exclusive
Describe the Dimensional 3 Dimensional Model.
- Social involvement v uninvolvement with others
- Assertion/dominance v passive submission
- Anxious rumination v behavioural acting out
Describe the Dimensional OCEAN (5 Factor Model)
Openess, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
Describe the alternate DSM-V Model
Combines dimensional and categorical comparing traits and disorders
What must be present for the classification of a Personality Disorder?
PERSISTENT over time, PERVASIVE across people and situations, PATHOLOGICAL clearly abnormal
What are the general diagnostic criteria for a Personality Disorder?
A. Enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates from culture and manifest in 2 areas:
- Cognition
- Affect
- Interpersonal
- Impulse control
B. Inflexible and pervasive across a range of situations
C. Leads to distress and social/occupational impairment
D. Pattern is stable over a long period of time
E. Not better accounted for by another mental disorder
F. Not due to substance or medical condition
What four non-clinical features exist in Personality Disorders?
- Absence of motivation for affliation (Desire for relationships with others)
- Exaggerated motivation for power (and achievement)
- Unrealistic and unstable self-image
- Unable to understand others intentions and motives
What 3 Personality Disorders make up Cluster A (odd and eccentric)?
- Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Schizotypal Personality Disorder
What are the clinical features of Paranoid Personality Disorder?
- Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others
- Interpret what others say or do as being directed at them
- Conviction that others that advantage of them
- Difficulty trusting others
What are the clinical features of Schizoid Personality Disorder?
- Detachment from social relationships and restricted emotional expression
- Difficulty organising and directing their lives
- Absorbed in own thoughts
- Introverted, solitary, emotional inexpression and isolated
What are the clinical features of Schizotypal Personality Disorder?
- Pervasive pattern of social interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort
- Offbeat, peculiar, paranoid beliefs and thoughts
- Difficulty forming relationships and extreme social anxiety
- Magical thinking
What 4 Personality Disorders make up Cluster B (dramatic, emotional and erratic)?
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
What are the clinical features of Borderline Personality Disorder?
- Pervasive pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self image, affect and impulsivity
- Symptoms can be severe and fluctuate rapidly
- Intense bouts of anger, depression and anxiety
- Deep fear of abandonment
- Emotional dysregluation - mood swings and emotional instability
- Cognitive dysregulation - brief non-psychotic forms of thought disturbances
- Self-dysfunction - Persistent identity problems
What is emotional dysregulation?
Mood swings and emotional instability
What is Cognitive dysregulation?
Brief non-psychotic forms of thought disturbances
What is Self dysregulation?
Persistent identity problems
What percentage of Borderline Personality Disorder patients commit suicide?
6-10%
What are the clinical features of Anti-social Personality Disorder (psychopathy or sociopathy)?
- Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
- Impulsive, irresponsible, reckless, lies, threatens, steals, cheats and lies
- History of conduct disorder before 15yo
- High comorbidity with substance misuse
What are the clinical features of Histrionic Personality Disorder?
- Pervasive pattern of excessive and emotion and attention seeking
- Flamboyant, dramatic, theatrical, can’t tolerate being ignored
- Persistently draws attention to themselves
- Emotionally over-responsive to insignificant events
- Manipulative
