Intelligence and Problem - Solving

Question 1

g

Answer 1

General factor, general intelligence, general mental ability. Good at everything.

Question 2

IQ

Answer 2

Intelligence Quotient

Question 3

What is Intelligence?

Answer 3

Ability to learn, remember, and apply concepts and information

Question 4

Cognitive Approach

Answer 4

Looks at brain processes connected to mental abilities. Can include processing speed, synaptic connections, working memory

Question 5

Psychometric Approach

Answer 5

Objective measurements using psychological tests. Collect large samples of fata and see how it distributes

Question 6

Standardization

Answer 6

In early 1900s, test was adapted to Stanford - Binet test which could be standardized. Was a controlled testing procedures and led to development of norms

Question 7

Normal Distribution

Answer 7

IQ test norms were derived from large samples of children. The curve shows the distribution. Centre of normal distribution is 100

Question 8

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test (WAIS - III)

Answer 8

Test that uses both verbal ad performance skills. Asses a range of skills including verbal, reasoning, information processing, memory, and computation scores

Question 9

Deviation IQ

Answer 9

Developed by Wechsler. Compares scores to average performance in your age range

Question 10

Normed

Answer 10

Determining the range of scores against which to compare an individual using a representative sample of the population

Question 11

The Flynn Effect

Answer 11

The world population has been collectively increasing IQ test scores

Question 12

Spearmans g

Answer 12

Believed that there was one underlying component that determined one’s intelligence

Question 13

Horn and Catell

Answer 13

Defined “fluid” and “crystallized” intelligence, which are both part of stratum II

Question 14

Three Stratum Model

Answer 14

Specific abilities are different combinations of broad abilities

Question 15

Multiple Intelligence Theory

Answer 15

There is not one underlying aspect of intelligence, and it is made up of several distinct individual components

Question 16

MIT components

Answer 16

Logic - mathematics, verbal - linguistics, visual - spatial, naturalist, bodily - kinesthetic, musical rhythm, intrapersonal, and interpersonal

Question 17

Savant

Answer 17

Very gifted in a skill, though overall intellectually disabled (Savant Syndrome - ASD)

Question 18

Emotional Intelligence (E.I.)

Answer 18

Has four parts.

1. Perceiving other people’s emotions
2. Using emotions for reasoning
3. Understanding the causes of an emotion
4. Managing the extent and timing of one’s emotions

Question 19

Growth Mindset

Answer 19

Believe that intelligence/talent is just the starting point, and abilities need to be developed through hard work.

Question 20

Sex differences

Answer 20

Men - preform better on spatial tasks, eye hand coordination and mathematical reasoning

Women - perform better on perceptual speed tasks, verbal fluency, fine motor coordination, reading comprehension

Question 21

Platos triarchic theory of the psyche

Answer 21

1. Desires
2. Affective
3. Knowledge

Question 22

Theory of work Adjustment

Answer 22

Interest and successes have other dimensions including satisfactoriness. If both are fulfilled the individual is motivated

Question 23

Talent Development

Answer 23

Equal importance of individual abilities and interests as well as an environment that responds with rewards. Goes beyond satisfaction and satisfactoriness

Question 24

Gutman’s Radex Model

Answer 24

Distinguishes different cognitive abilities (verbal, numerica, geometrical), and different mental processes/ learning

Question 25

The Holland Occupation Themes RIASEC

Answer 25

Organizes six interest areas. Can predict preferred career based on personality assessment.

Question 26

Six interest areas of RIASEC

Answer 26

Realistic Investigative Artistic Social Enterprising Conventional

Question 27

Mastery

Answer 27

Industriousness (high performers), striving people with a lot of resources to push themselves and utilize their abilities and interests to the maximum intent

Question 28

Conative Factors

Answer 28

Individual differences in energy and drive, and the capacity for work

Question 29

Bounded Rationality Theory

Answer 29

We try to make rational decisions, but we have cognitive limitations from being fully rational

Question 30

Cognitive limits

Answer 30

Small capacity for short - term memory. Constraints on perceptions; constraints on time

Question 31

Psychological limits

Answer 31

Willpower, Self - interest, Ethics, Awareness

Question 32

Rational Decision - Making Steps

Answer 32

1. Define the problem 2. Identify criteria necessary to judge your options 3. Weigh the criteria 4. Generate alternatives 5. Rate each alternative on the criteria you identified 6. Compute the optimal decision

Question 33

Algorithms

Answer 33

Solutions that attempt to sort through all possible outcomes/permutations of a given problem

Question 34

Hueristics

Answer 34

Follows a role, but the rule is genrally aimed at reducing the possible number of alternate approaches to a problem - simplifies decision making process.

Question 35

Biases

Answer 35

Predictable mistakes that influence our judgement

Question 36

Anchoring

Answer 36

Previous knowledge limits how far one is willing to go in accepting new thoughts

Question 37

Framing

Answer 37

How a particular question or item is phrased

Question 38

Overconfidence

Answer 38

Greater confidence in our own judgement

Question 39

System I

Answer 39

Intuitive - fast and automatic but emotional

Question 40

System II

Answer 40

Deliberate - slow but logical

Question 41

Nudge

Answer 41

Provides an architecture for choice that allows for better decision making (eg. opt out programs)