intelligence/ cognition

Question 1

cognition

Answer 1

basically just thinking

Question 2

cognitive psychology

Answer 2

researches how people think and interactions involving thinking

Question 3

concepts

Answer 3

categories of information, ideas, etc.
categories used to group different ideas

Question 4

prototypes

Answer 4

representation of a concept
example: golden retriever is a prototype for the category of dogs

Question 5

natural concepts

Answer 5

occur naturally through experiences and observation
example: our concept of snow

Question 6

artificial concepts

Answer 6

defined by a specific set of characteristics
example: mathematical formulas

Question 7

schema

Answer 7

a cluster of concepts created by assumptions made in perception

Question 8

role schema

Answer 8

assumes how individuals in certain roles will behave
example: stereotypes

Question 9

event schema

Answer 9

aka cognitive script
set of routine/ automatic behaviors
example: checking your phone when you get a text

Question 10

language

Answer 10

a system of written and spoken words and rules to organize them

Question 11

lexicon

Answer 11

the words in a language

Question 12

grammar

Answer 12

rules used to organize words and convey meaning

Question 13

phoneme

Answer 13

basic units of sound (ah, eh)

Question 14

morphemes

Answer 14

smallest units of language to convey meaning

Question 15

semantics

Answer 15

meaning and definitions of words

Question 16

syntax

Answer 16

the way words are organized into sentences

Question 17

critical period

Answer 17

proficiency at acquiring language is maximal early in life

Question 18

problem solving strategy

Answer 18

plan of action used to find a solution to a problem

Question 19

trial and error

Answer 19

keep trying different solutions until the problem is solved

Question 20

algorithm

Answer 20

a step by step problem solving formula

Question 21

heuristic

Answer 21

general problem solving framework

Question 22

working backwards

Answer 22

working from the end result

Question 23

mental set

Answer 23

you approach a problem with a solution that has worked in the past but isn’t working now

Question 24

functional fixedness

Answer 24

type of mental set
you cant perceive an object being used for anything other than what it was designed for

Question 25

anchoring bias

Answer 25

focus on one piece of information when problem solving

Question 26

conformation bias

Answer 26

search for/ focus on information that confirms your existing beliefs

Question 27

hindsight bias

Answer 27

leads us to believe the solution was predictable but it wasn’t

Question 28

representative bias

Answer 28

tendency to unintentionally stereotype someone or something

Question 29

availability heuristics

Answer 29

decisions based on example that is readily available to you even though it may not be the best example to inform your decision

Question 30

crystallized intelligence

Answer 30

acquired knowledge, such as knowing facts

Question 31

fluid intelligence

Answer 31

ability to see complex relationships and solve problems knowing how to do things

Question 32

triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 32

believes intelligence is in three parts: practical, creative, and analytical

Question 33

practical intelligence

Answer 33

street smarts and common sense

Question 34

creative intelligence

Answer 34

imaginative and innovative problem solving

Question 35

analytical intelligence

Answer 35

academic problem solving and computation

Question 36

multiple intelligences theory

Answer 36

howard gardener thinks there are 8 intelligences

Question 37

emotional intelligence

Answer 37

ability to understand your and others emotions

Question 38

divergent thinking

Answer 38

thinking outside the box

Question 39

convergent thinking

Answer 39

ability to provide a correct well established answer

Question 40

iq

Answer 40

intelligence quotient a score earned on a test that is designed to measure intelligence

Question 41

representative sample

Answer 41

a subset of of the population that accurately represents the general population

Question 42

standardization

Answer 42

the manner of administrating and scoring tests is consistent with

Question 43

standard deviation

Answer 43

describes how data is dispersed in a population

Question 44

nature perspective

Answer 44

intelligence is inherited from your parents

Question 45

nurture perspective

Answer 45

intelligence is shaped by a child’s developmental environment

Question 46

range of reaction

Answer 46

theory that everyone responds to an environment differently because if their genetic makeup

Question 47

learning disabilities

Answer 47

cognitive disorders that affect particularly language and reading