states of consciousness

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

awareness of internal and external stimuli
(ex. feeling pain or seeing a bright light)

Question 2

biological rhythms

Answer 2

internal cycles of biological activity
(ex. menstrual cycles)

Question 3

homeostasis

Answer 3

tendency to maintain a balance/optimal level within a biological system
located in hypothalamus

Question 4

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Answer 4

our brains clock
located in hypothalamus

Question 5

melatonin

Answer 5

released by pineal gland
regulates sleep-wake cycle

Question 6

what hormones are secreted during sleep?

Answer 6

growth hormone, melatonin, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone

Question 7

jet lag

Answer 7

symptoms that result from our environment doesn’t match our internal circadian cycles
occurs when traveling through time zones

Question 8

circadian rhythms

Answer 8

biological rhythms that occur over 24 hours
ex. the sleep wake cycle

Question 9

adaptive function of sleep

Answer 9

speed is an adaptive response to predatory risks- we sleep at night to be safe from predators

Question 10

cognitive function

Answer 10

focuses on the fact that we need sleep for cognitive function and memory formation

Question 11

NREM stage 1

Answer 11

transition between wakefulness and sleep
(alpha waves)

Question 12

NREM stage 2

Answer 12

body goes into deep relaxation (theta waves)

Question 13

NREM stages 3 and 4

Answer 13

slow-wave sleep (delta waves)

Question 14

EEG

Answer 14

used to visually show the changes in brainwave activity during sleep

Question 15

REM sleep

Answer 15

involves paralysis of voluntary muscles and dreams
rapid eye movement

Question 16

REM rebound

Answer 16

ppl deprived of rem sleep will spend more time in rem sleep to make up for the lost time

Question 17

sigmund freuds interpretation of dreams

Answer 17

a way to gain access to the unconscious
two types of content: manifest and latent

Question 18

manifest content

Answer 18

actual content of dream

Question 19

latent content

Answer 19

hidden meaning of dream

Question 20

collective unconscious

Answer 20

believed symbols in dreams stood for specific things
shared by all cultures

Question 21

insomnia

Answer 21

difficulty falling or staying asleep
at least 3 nights a week for at least a month
treatment: stress management, change problem behaviors, and cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 22

parasomnia

Answer 22

unwanted motor behavior/ experiences during sleep
ex. sleepwalking, restless leg syndrome, night terrors

Question 23

rem sleep
behavior disorder

Answer 23

muscle paralysis doesn’t happen with rem sleep, causes high physical activity
treated with anti anxiety med

Question 24

restless leg syndrome

Answer 24

uncomfortable sensations in legs while trying to sleep, solved by moving legs

Question 25

sleep apnea

Answer 25

ppl stop breathing in their sleep obstructive (airway blocked) or central (cns doesn’t initiate breaths) wear a cpap mask

Question 26

sid’s

Answer 26

sudden infant death syndrome infant dies because they stop breathing while asleep

Question 27

narcolepsy

Answer 27

irresistible urge to sleep during waking hours hallucinations and paralysis treatment: psychomotor stimulant drugs

Question 28

substance use disorder

Answer 28

pattern of drug use despite negative consequences

Question 29

physiological dependence

Answer 29

changed in normal bodily functions when stop using

Question 30

psychological dependence

Answer 30

emotion need for a drug

Question 31

tolerance

Answer 31

ppl need more of a drug to get results that were previously achieved with a lower dose

Question 32

withdrawal

Answer 32

negative symptoms when drug use stops

Question 33

depressants

Answer 33

drugs that suppress cns activity ex. alcohol, anxiety med

Question 34

stimulants

Answer 34

increase levels of nervous system activity

Question 35

opioids

Answer 35

decrease pain, highly addictive ex. heroine, morphine

Question 36

hallucinogens

Answer 36

cause changes in perceptual and sensory experiences can involve hallucinations

Question 37

hypnosis

Answer 37

extreme focus on the self involving suggested changes in experiences and behavior clinicians use it

Question 38

meditation

Answer 38

act of focusing on a single target (like breathing) to increase awareness of the moment