intergroup relations and conflict Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is intergroup behaviour?
Any perception, cognition, or behaviour influenced by the recognition of group membership (Hogg & Vaughan, 2014).
What is relative deprivation?
A feeling of having less than what we believe we deserve, based on a perceived gap between expectations and reality.
What are the two types of relative deprivation?
Egoistic (self vs others) and Fraternalistic (group vs other groups).
How does relative deprivation lead to conflict?
It causes frustration, which can escalate into aggression and intergroup hostility, especially with aversive conditions.
What did Berkowitz (1962) find?
Frustration combined with aggressive cues (e.g., weapons, heat) increases the likelihood of intergroup aggression.
What is collective violence?
A process where frustration and environmental stressors lead to widespread aggression facilitated by group dynamics.
What is Realistic Conflict Theory?
Conflict arises when groups compete for scarce resources, leading to ethnocentrism and intergroup hostility (Sherif, 1966).
What is ethnocentrism?
The belief that one’s own group is central and superior to others (Sumner, 1906).
What happened in Phase 1 of Sherif’s Summer Camp Study?
Boys formed friendships during non-competitive activities.
What happened in Phase 2 of Sherif’s study?
Boys were split into groups, forming norms and rivalries.
What happened in Phase 3 of Sherif’s study?
Intergroup competition led to hostility and breakdown of relations.
What happened in Phase 4 of Sherif’s study?
Superordinate goals required cooperation, reducing conflict.
How can shared goals affect intergroup conflict?
Shared (superordinate) goals can promote cooperation and reduce conflict.
What is the Minimal Group Paradigm (MGP)?
A method showing that even arbitrary group distinctions cause in-group favouritism (Tajfel et al., 1971).
What did Billig & Tajfel (1973) demonstrate?
Random group assignments still led to in-group favouritism and intergroup competition.
What is Social Identity Theory?
Theory explaining intergroup behaviour through self-categorisation and the pursuit of positive group identity.
What are superordinate goals?
Goals requiring cooperation between groups to be achieved, which can reduce conflict.
What is the Contact Hypothesis?
Bringing groups together can reduce prejudice if the interaction involves cooperation, equal status, and institutional support (Allport, 1954).
