Intermolecular Forces Flashcards
(13 cards)
What are intermolecular forces?
Interactions between molecules caused by either permanent or induced dipoles.
What are dipole-dipole interactions?
Attractive forces between polar molecules due to permanent dipoles.
What are London forces?
Weak attractions caused by temporary dipoles that can induce dipoles in nearby molecules.
What causes a temporary dipole in a molecule?
An uneven distribution of electrons within the molecule.
What is a permanent dipole-dipole interaction?
Attraction between the oppositely charged ends of two polar molecules.
What type of atoms can form hydrogen bonds?
Oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine atoms.
What is a hydrogen bond?
Attraction between an electron-deficient hydrogen atom and a lone pair on O, N, or F.
Why can’t hydrogen atoms attached to carbon form hydrogen bonds?
The electronegativities of carbon and hydrogen are similar.
What is the bond angle of hydrogen bonds in water?
180°.
True or False: Hydrogen bonds are the weakest type of intermolecular force.
False.
What happens to the strength of London forces as the number of electrons in a molecule increases?
The strength of London forces increases.
Fill in the blank: The more electrons a molecule has, the more likely this process occurs, so the stronger the _______.
London force.
What should be indicated when drawing diagrams to show hydrogen bonds?
- Dipole charges on relevant atoms
- Lone pairs of electrons on O, N, or F
- Indication of the hydrogen bond (e.g., dashed line)
- OHO bond angle of 180°
