Specialised Cells Flashcards
(49 cards)
What is the main function of palisade mesophyll cells?
To capture energy transferred by light
Palisade mesophyll cells are crucial for photosynthesis due to their high chloroplast content.
What shape are palisade cells and why is this important?
Cylindrical shape allows them to pack tightly
This packing maximizes light absorption for photosynthesis.
What do palisade cells contain to aid in photosynthesis?
Many chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are the organelles where photosynthesis occurs.
What structural feature of palisade cells helps maintain leaf rigidity?
Large vacuole
The vacuole stores water and maintains turgor pressure.
Where are root hair cells located?
Near the root tip in the epithelium
This location is ideal for water and mineral absorption.
What is the function of root hair cells?
To absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil
Root hair cells increase surface area for efficient absorption.
How do root hair cells enhance their absorption capabilities?
They have a large surface area to volume ratio
This adaptation allows for greater contact with soil particles.
What type of wall do root hair cells have and why?
Thin cell wall
The thin wall facilitates easier water absorption.
What organelles do root hair cells contain to support energy needs?
Many mitochondria
Mitochondria are responsible for producing ATP, which is needed for active transport.
Fill in the blank: Palisade cells contain many _______ to capture light energy.
chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are essential for the photosynthetic process.
True or False: Palisade mesophyll cells are found in the lower part of the leaf.
False
They are located in the upper part of the leaf for optimal light capture.
What time do many potassium ions begin to leave the axon?
1 ms
This is when the action potential begins to show a recording.
What is the function of potassium ions during an action potential?
They exit the cell and make the membrane potential more negative.
What is the term for the membrane potential when it reaches -50 to -70 mV?
Depolarised
What type of cells are mammalian gametes?
Sperm and egg cells
What is the chromosome content of a haploid nucleus?
Half the chromosomes of a body cell
What happens during fertilisation concerning the nuclei of sperm and egg cells?
The nuclei fuse to restore the full number of chromosomes.
What is the function of the acrosome in sperm cells?
Contains enzymes to digest the outer layers of the egg.
What is the function of cortical granules in egg cells?
Helps stop more than one sperm from fertilising the egg.
What provides energy for sperm movement?
Mitochondria in the mid region of the sperm.
What do follicle cells (corona radiata) provide for the egg?
Vital proteins
What is the zona pellucida?
A jelly layer that stops more than one sperm from fertilising the egg.
What is the primary function of white blood cells?
To fight pathogens.
Where are white blood cells produced?
In the bone marrow and lymph nodes.
