Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Internal Anatomy of the Brain > Flashcards

Internal Anatomy of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Formation of the caudate and hippocampus

A
  • As the telencephalon expands anteriorly and inferiorly to form the temporal and frontal lobes, the neural tube folds with it to become the LVs
  • The hippocampal formation and caudate nucleus follow the growth of the LVs into the temporal lobe, forming C-shaped structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Internal structure of the lateral ventricles

A
  • The shape of the LVs will change depending on the plane of section
  • In coronal sections, going anterior to posterior, the LVs starts as thick (in the anterior horn)
  • Around where the anterior horn meets the body of the LVs, the LVs look very thin in a coronal section (you can also see the 3rd ventricle directly btwn and inferior to the LVs)
  • In the body of the LV (in a coronal section) the inferior horn will be visible as a space btwn the medial temporal lobe and the rest of the brain. The third ventricle will also be seen in this plane
  • In the atrium of the LV there is a large aggregate of choroid plexus, the glomus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Corpus callosum

A
  • The corpus callosum runs directly superior to both LVs in all coronal sections
  • These white fiber tracks are commissural fibers (connect neurons on right side to those on left side)
  • Those that interconnect the frontal lobes: genu
  • Interconnect parietal lobes: trunk
  • Interconnects occipital lobes and posterior temporal lobes: splenium
  • The anterior commissure interconnects the the anterior temporal lobes (circumscribed bundle of axons in front of the column of the fornix)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Basal ganglia 1

A
  • Consist of caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus
  • The caudate nucleus alone follows the C-shaped LVs
  • The head of the caudate lies in the frontal lobes and sits laterally to each LV
  • The head then becomes the lentiform nucleus (composed of the putamen more anterior-lateral, with the globus pallidus more posterior-medial). The globus pallidus does not extend as far anterior or posterior as the putamen
  • Globus pallidus is composed of 2 parts: externa and interna. Both are medial to the putamen
  • The internal capsule runs directly btwn and separates the caudate and the putamen/globus pallidus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Basal ganglia 2

A
  • Moving posteriorly from the head of the caudate, the body extends along the frontal lobes through the parietal lobes still forming the lateral walls of the LVs
  • In the temporal lobe the tail of the caudate is the superior surface of the inferior horn of the LV
  • The tail of the caudate finally abuts the amygdala in the temporal lobe
  • The putamen and the globus pallidus (just lateral to the caudate, separated by the internal capsule) together make up the lentiform nucleus (regulation of motor functions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hippocampal formation 1

A
  • Part of the cerebral cortex is invaginated into the ventricle during development and forms the hippocampus in the temporal lobe
  • This structure is the inferior wall of the inferior horn of the LV
  • The hippocampus then curls back (posterior/superior) following the shape of the LV
  • Extending from the hippocampus (still tracing the LV), and moving more medial as it curves superior/anterior, is the fornix
  • The fornix begins at both hippocampus as crura and then meet under the splenium to form the body of the fornix, just superiorly to the thalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hippocampal formation 2

A
  • Moving anteriorly, the body of the fornix then separates into two columns that turn inferiorly and descend posterior to the anterior commissure
  • These extensions end in the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus
  • The fornix forms the medial wall of the LVs
  • The hippocampus is part of the cerebral context and consolidates short-term memory (does not store long-term memory)
  • Damage to hippocampus results in inability to form new memories (anterograde amnesia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

White matter tracts of the cerebral cortex 1

A
  • 3 different groups: association fibers, commissural fibers, or projection fibers
  • Association fibers interconnect different cortical areas within the same hemisphere
  • Short association fibers are U-shaped bundles of axons that connect adjacent gyri (gyrus-gyrus; as in the different areas of the sensory cortex)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

White matter tracts of the cerebral cortex 2

A
  • Long association fibers interconnect lobes-lobes on the same hemisphere and allow for integration of motor, sensory and special sensory info
  • One important long association tract is the arcuate fasciculus, which connects Broca’s area to Wernicke’s area and is essential for normal comprehension and expression of language
  • The cingulum is a major association tract of the limbic system and lies deep to the cingulate cortex, it connects the frontal cortex and thalamus to the temporal lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

White matter tracts of the cerebral cortex 3

A
  • Commisures connect the two hemispheres of the brain, this includes the parts of the coups callosum (genu, trunk, splenium) and the anterior commissure
  • Projection fibers form the major afferent and efferent connections of the cortex and run bidirectionally btwn the cortex and subcortical structures (basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, spinal cord)
  • The internal capsule is an example of projection fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Internal capsule

A
  • A dense collection of motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent) axons that brings together the collection myelinated fibers (corona radiate) from various lobes of the brain
  • The different components (sensory vs motor) are contained in specific subdivisions of the internal capsule
  • It is located btwn the caudate (lateral to the caudate) and the lentiform nucleus (medial to the putamen and glolbus pallidus)
  • Medial to lateral: fornix->LV->caudate->internal capsule->lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus-> putamen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Located below the anterior commissure and just lateral to the 3rd ventricle
  • The anterior commissure separates the lentiform nucleus from the hypothalamus
  • Optic tracts are just inferior-lateral to the hypothalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thalamus

A
  • Forms the inferior/lateral border of the LV (just inferior to the caudate)
  • Extends down to form the superior/lateral border of the 3rd ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Amygdala

A
  • Located in the temporal lobe, large area that is bordered just medially by the uncus
  • Therefore just deep to the uncus lies the amygdala
  • The amygdala is smooth, and differs in appearance from the hippocampus (hippocampus is convoluted)
  • Amygdala is more anterior than the hippocampus (more posterior)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Insula

A

-Gyrus that is the lateral border of cortex btwn the frontal/parietal lobes and the temporal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mammilary bodies

A
  • Small bumps on the most inferior part of the brain (medial) directly inferior to the 3rd ventricle
  • End of the columns of the fornix
17
Q

Hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus

A
  • In a similar area as the amygdala (superior temporal lobe) but more posterior
  • The medial border of the hippocampus is the parahippocampal gyrus (uncus is most anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus)
  • Hippocampus can be seen as the medial/inferior wall of the inferior horn of the LV
  • The tail of the caudate nucleus can be seen superiorly to the hippocampus if the coronal section is far enough posterior (the tail of the caudate would be on the opposite, or superior, side of the inferior horn of the LV)
18
Q

Pons

A
  • Can be seen as the large bulge in the brainstem
  • The crus cerebri carries the motor fibers from the posterior limb of the internal capsule to the pons
  • Crus cerebri is just superior to the pons, extending off of the pons
19
Q

Cerebral aqueduct and pineal gland

A
  • The cerebral aqueduct and pineal gland can only be seen in coronal sections that are fairly posterior
  • The pineal gland is a structure on the medial inferior wall of the third ventricle
  • The cerebral aqueduct is directly anterior inferior to the pineal gland and is just a small hole
20
Q

Limbs of the internal capsule

A
  • Anterior limb of the posterior capsule separates the putamen (lateral) and the caudate (medial)
  • Posterior limb of the capsule separates the putamen/globus pallidus (lateral) and the caudate/thalamus (medial)
  • The genu (or bend) of the internal capsule is the point at which the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule come together

Neuro (62 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions