Internal and external solutions

Question 1

What type of oral solution protects bacterial growth?

Answer 1

Syrup

Question 2

What type of oral solution is used to make other products such as mixtures and elixirs?

Answer 2

Syrup

Question 3

What type of oral solution contains alcohol and sugar?

Answer 3

Elixir

Question 4

What is the role of alcohol in elixir?

Answer 4

dissolve the drug and act as a preservative

Question 5

What is linctus for?

Answer 5

Coughs

Question 6

A ______ is used to describe a solution or suspension

Answer 6

Mixture

Question 7

The range for a very soluble drug is 1 in ___

Answer 7

less than one

Question 8

A range of 1 in 1 to 1 in 10 indicates a ___________ drug

Answer 8

freely soluble

Question 9

A soluble drug has a solubility range of 1 in 10 to 1 in ___

Answer 9

30

Question 10

A range of 1 in 30 to 1 in 100 indicates a ___________ drug

Answer 10

sparingly soluble

Question 11

A slightly soluble drug has a solubility range of 1 in 100 to 1 in ____

Answer 11

1000

Question 12

A range of 1 in 1000 to 1 in 10,000 indicates a __________ drug

Answer 12

very slightly soluble

Question 13

A practically insoluble drug has a solubility range of 1 in _______

Answer 13

more than 10,000

Question 14

Which factors affect solubility of a drug?

Answer 14

temperature
pH
molecular structure
particle size
solvent/cosolvent

Question 15

What are the advantages of oral solutions?

Answer 15

Easier to swallow - children and elderly
Fast absorption from GI tract
Even mix so don’t need to shake
More stable than suspensions

Question 16

What are the disadvantages of oral solutions?

Answer 16

Not convenient for patient
Less stable than solids
May taste unpleasant and may be difficult to mask

Question 17

What is the role of a vehicle?

Answer 17

Solvent which dissolves the drug

Question 18

What are common vehicles?

Answer 18

Water - most common
Syrup
Alcohol - rarely used as a vehicle for internal use

Question 19

Which vehicle can be used as a sweetener, preservative and stabiliser?

Answer 19

glycerol

Question 20

Fructose, sucrose and glucose are ________

Answer 20

sugar sweetners

Question 21

Sorbitol, mannitol and saccharin are _________

Answer 21

sugar free sweetners

Question 22

What is the use of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and citric acid in oral solutions?

Answer 22

stabilisers

Question 23

Citrates, carbonates and gluconates are common _______

Answer 23

buffers

Question 24

What factors affect the stability of oral solutions?

Answer 24

bacterial growth
light and heat
hydrolysis of drug
packaging

Question 25

Solutions are more stable than solids. True or false?

Answer 25

False.

Question 26

Are antibiotics stable in solution?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

How many drops does a 1ml solution contain?

Answer 27

20 drops

Question 28

How can sterility of eye drops be achieved?

Answer 28

preservatives | single use vials

Question 29

Once opened, eye drops must be discarded ____ days later

Answer 29

28

Question 30

Adding sodium hydroxide to eye drops affects ______

Answer 30

tonicity - to make eye drops isotonic

Question 31

Increasing viscosity reduces contact of eye drops with the eye. True or false?

Answer 31

False - increases

Question 32

Are preservatives in eye drops compatible with contact lenses?

Answer 32

No

Question 33

Benzalkonium chloride is a __________ that is used in eye drops

Answer 33

preservative

Question 34

Single dose vials for eye drops are sterilised by ______

Answer 34

autoclaving

Question 35

Nose sprays cannot be used for systemic effects. True or false?

Answer 35

False

Question 36

What are the advantages of drops and sprays?

Answer 36

Reduce systemic side effects Sprays can be used for systemic effects - bypassing first pass metabolism Drugs can be administered in children

Question 37

What are the disadvantages of drops and sprays?

Answer 37

Inaccurate dosing of drops and squeezed bottles Needs manual dexterity Short shelf life once opened

Question 38

What is the active ingredient in simple linctus?

Answer 38

Citric acid

Question 39

Water is the vehicle used in simple linctus. True or false?

Answer 39

False. Syrup is the vehicle

Question 40

What is chloroform used for in simple linctus?

Answer 40

Preservative

Question 41

Double strength chloroform is 1ml in _____

Answer 41

20ml

Question 42

Single strength chloroform is 1ml in _____

Answer 42

40ml

Question 43

Chloroform spirit is 5ml in 100 ml of _______

Answer 43

alcohol

Question 44

When do freshly made eye drops expire?

Answer 44

2 weeks