Flashcards in Internal surfaces Deck (43)
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What are the layers of a mucous membrane?
-Epithelium lining the lumen
-Lamina propria
-Muscularis mucosa
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What is the lamina propria?
-Thin layer of connective tissue
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What is muscularis mucosa?
-Smooth muscle in mucous membranes
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What structures do mucous membranes line?
-Alimentary tract
-Respiratory tract
-Urinary tract
-I.e. internal tubes which open to the exterior
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What are serous membranes?
-Two part membranes which line closed body cavities which envelope viscera
-I.e. peritoneum, pericardium, pleural sacs
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What is the function of serous membranes?
-Secrete lubricating fluid promoting friction-free movement of the viscera they surround
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What type of epithelium are serous membranes?
-Simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)
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-How to serosae come to surround viscera?
-The viscera invaginate into the serosae becomming surrounded.
-The membrane closest to the organ is the visceral membrane
-The opposing membrane is the periatal membrane
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What makes up the alimentary canal?
-Oesophagus
-Stomach
-Duodenum, jejenum, ileum
-Colon
-Rectum
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What are the layers of the alimentary tract wall?
-Mucosa
-Submucosa
-Muscularis externa
-Serosae
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What is the mucosa made up of?
-Epithelia
-Lamina propria
-Muscularis mucosa
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What is the immune adaption of the mucosa of the ileum?
-Peyers patches (aggregations of lymphocytes) in the lamina propria
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What is the adaption of the mucosa in the stomach?
-Rugae (folds of gastric mucosa)
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What is an adaption of the jejenum?
-Pilcae circulares (folds of mucosa/submucosa into lumen) which have villi which have microvilli
-Greatly increase surface area
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What is an adaption of the colon mucosa?
-Have microvilli
-Have crypts of lieberkuhn which secrete mucus
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What is submucosa?
-Connective tissue which lies underneath the mucosa
-Contains glands, blood vessels and nerves
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What is the muscularis externa?
-Smooth muscle which surrounds submucosa
-Has two layers - inner circular layer and outer longitudial layer
-surrounded by serosae
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What is the function of the muscularis externa in the alimentary canal?
-Peristaltic waves to move lumen contents along
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What is adventitia and when is it present?
-Thin layer of connective tissue
-Present when there is no invagination of viscera into the pericardium, pleural sac or peritoneum
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List the conducting portion and the respiratory portions of the respiratory tract?
-Conducting portion - nasal canal, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx and trachea
-Respiratory portion - bronchi, bronchioles, lung, alveolar ducts, alveoli and diaphragm
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What is the epithelium of the respiratory tract?
-Pseudostratified, ciliated epithelia
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What is the epithelium of the oesophagus?
-Stratified squamous non-keratinised
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What is the epithelium of the majority of the alimentary tract?
-Simple columnar
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What are the cell types in the alveoli?
-Type 1 squamous (90%)
-Type 2 cuboidal which secrete surfactant
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What are alveoli surrounded by?
-A basketwork of capillaries and elastic fibres
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What immune cell type lines the alveoli?
-Numerous macrophages
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List the layers of the respiratory tract walls
-Mucosa
-Submucosa
-muscularis externa
-serosae/adventitia
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Which section of the respiratory tract has adventitia?
-Trachea
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What type of glands are in the submucosa of the trachea?
-seromucus
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What unicellular glands are present in the respiratory tract and upto what point?
-Goblet cells
-Upto bronchioles as the lumen gets narrow, mucus would block it.
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What is the function of the trachealis muscle and where is it located?
-At the back of the trachea, anterior to the oesophagus
-Can open and close the trachea to an extent
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Describe the hyaline cartilage of the trachea and state its purpose
-C shaped rings
-to keep the airways open
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-Upto what point in the respiratory tract is cartilage found?
-Down to the bronchioles
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-What keeps the bronchioles open?
-The surrounding alveoli
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What happens to the hyaline cartilage of the respiratory tract with age?
-Partly transforms to bone
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What makes up the urinary tract?
-Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
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What epithelium is present in the bladder, ureter and urethra and what is its function?
-Transitional epithelium
-Distensibility and protection from toxic chemicals
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What are the layers of the mucosa of the bladder?
-Transitional Epithelium
-lamina propria
-no muscularis mucosae
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Why is the bladder impermeable to urine?
-Thick PM
-Intracellular tight junctions
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What adaption does the muscularis externa of the bladder have?
-Has three layers instead of two
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Does the bladder, ureter and urethra have adventitia or serosa?
-Adventitia
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Why are females more prone to urinary tract infections
-Female urethra 1.5 inches
-Male urethra 8 inches
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