Intro

Question 1

is the study of drug actions and drug interactions with living organisms. Medication awareness si very important because radiographers are often the first to observe the onset of medication responses that could have serious consequences.

Answer 1

Pharmacology

Question 2

: a chemical agent capable of producing biologic responses in the body. The more general term that denotes a substance used in diagnosis, treatment, or disease prevention, or as a component of a medication.

Answer 2

Drug

Question 3

Response of a drug that si desirable.

Answer 3

Therapeutic

Question 4

Response of a drug that is undesirable.

Answer 4

Adverse

Question 5

This si the term for a drug that si administered already. Substances that
are prescribed for treatment that produce therapeutically useful effect.

Answer 5

Medication

Question 6

Refers to an overwhelming feeling of physical need for a particular drug
that must b e met at all costs.

Answer 6

Addiction

Question 7

It may be a physical or psychological need for a particular drug.

Answer 7

Dependence

Question 8

identifies the actual chemical structure of the drug. It si often complex a n d is seldom of practical importance to the technologist.

Answer 8

Chemical name

Question 9

Name given to the drug when ti becomes commercially available.

Answer 9

Generic name

Question 10

Name given to a drug manufactured by a specific company. I

Answer 10

Brand name

Question 11

It refers to the type of preparation or the manner in which the chemical agent is
transported into the human body.

Answer 11

Dose Forms

Question 12

are the most common oral dose and one of the easiest to administer.

Answer 12

Tablet

Question 13

is a dose form in which a powdered or liquid drug is contained in a gelatin shell. The gelatin shell dissolves in the stomach and releases its contents.

Answer 13

Capsule

Question 14

The ____ route of administration may be used for either local or systemic effects (general aesthetics). _____ are used for their local effects in the treatment of asthma or COPD. ____ allow high concentrations to be deposited in the respiratory mucosa and exert action by producing bronchodilation or reducing inflammation.

Answer 14

Inhalants

Question 15

It is a dose form shaped for insertion into a body orifice such as the rectum, vagina, or urethra.

Answer 15

Suppository

Question 16

A _____ is a dose form in which one or more drugs are dissolved in a liquid carrier.

Answer 16

solution

Question 17

It is a dose form in which one or more drugs in small particle are suspended in a liquid carrier.

Answer 17

Suspension

Question 18

It is a dose form that permits a drug to be applied on the skin surface, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream. The patch-like device containing the drug is applied to the skin with a water-resistant covering.

Answer 18

Transdermal patch

Question 19

Derived from the drug opium or synthetic versions that mimic the chemical structure of opium. It interacts with neurotransmitters in the brain to block signals. They cause both intense feelings of pleasure and can block pain.

Answer 19

Opioids

Question 20

It is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. It causes severe long-term damage to the liver.

Answer 20

Alcohol

Question 21

These drugs function by interacting with a neurotransmitter called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric a c i d . These drugs impact the body and mind differently but generally create calming and sedative effects.

Answer 21

Benzodiazepines and barbiturates

Question 22

These drugs accelerate the activity of CNS, making a person feel energized, focused, and alert for a long period of time. The converse reaction is that a person feels paranoid and angry.

Answer 22

Cocaine and other stimulants:

Question 23

Mostly consumed through breathing, these drugs can exist in vapour form at room temperature. They tend to be less addictive than other substances but are dangerous.

Answer 23

Inhalants

Question 24

Interacts with the CNS and alters the perception of time, reality, and space

Answer 24

Hallucinogen

Question 25

: Affects the cannabinoid receptors in the brain and comes in different forms.

Answer 25

Cannabis

Question 26

This refers to anything that has been created (in a laboratory) to mimic naturally occurring drugs.

Answer 26

New psychoactive substances

Question 27

When the drug does not produce any chemical reaction or change in the cells of the body and the effect is only physical.

Answer 27

Physical mechanism

Question 28

Drugs act by producing chemical reaction in the body.

Answer 28

Chemical mechanism

Question 29

Macromolecules protein in nature which are target sites for drugs. Most drugs have to bind receptors to produce effects. Receptors are located mostly on the cell membrane but certain intracellular receptors are found as well.

Answer 29

Drug-receptor interaction

Question 30

These are the drugs which when bind to receptors, causes activation of receptors. They have the capacity to produce chain reactions in the receptors which ultimately bring about the effects.

Answer 30

Agonist

Question 31

: Binding of drug with the receptor is the same. Most of the drugs binding receptors resemble the agonist but they cannot activate the receptors, and also prevents agonist binding. Thus opposite effect occurs in case of agonist and antagonist.

Answer 31

Antagonist

Question 32

It is similar to drug receptor interactions. These drugs resemble the natural substrates, bind enzymes and cause change in their activity. This may take place by: activation of enzymes and inhibition of enzymes.

Answer 32

Drug-enzyme interactions:

Question 33

: The drug interferes with the flow of ions through the channels specific for these ions.

Answer 33

Drug-channel interactions

Question 34

The drug effect occurs in immediate vicinity/area of which the drug is applied or introduced.

Answer 34

Local effect

Question 35

The effect takes place away from the site of administration.

Answer 35

Systemic effect

Question 36

: It is the desired effect or the treatment of disease for which the drug is given.

Answer 36

Primary effect

Question 37

Al other effects occurring in addition are known as secondary effect. When they are undesirable, these are called adverse or side effects.

Answer 37

. Side effect