Intro Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
Bowman’s capsule, endothelium, loop of henle, alveoli are lined by what epithelial cells
A
Simple squamous
2
Q
Ducts of glands, walls of THRYOID FOLLICLES, renal tubules are lined by what epithelial cells
A
Simple cuboidal
3
Q
Sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands
A
Stratified cuboidal
4
Q
Non ciliated (gall bladder, digestive tract) ciliated (uterine tube)
A
Simple cuboidal
5
Q
Keratinized (skin), non keratinized (vagina, esophagus, ceviche, lower urethra)
A
Stratified squamous
6
Q
Membranous urethra
A
Stratified columnar
7
Q
Non ciliated (female reproductive tract), ciliated (trachea, epididymis)
A
Pseudostratified columnar
8
Q
Bladder, upper urethra, ureters
A
Transitional
9
Q
Retrogressive changes
A
Aphasia
Atresia
Hypoplasia
Agenesia
Atrophy
10
Q
Incomplete or defective development of a tissue or organ
A
Aplasia
11
Q
Failure to form an opening
A
Atresia
12
Q
Failure of an organ to reach its matured size
A
Hypoplasia
13
Q
Complete non-appearance of an organ
A
Agenesia
14
Q
Partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body
A
Atrophy
15
Q
Progressive changes
A
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
16
Q
Increased tissue size due to cell size
A
Hypertrophy
17
Q
Increased tissue size due to increased cell number
A
Hyperplasia
18
Q
Degenerative changes
A
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Anaplasia
Neoplasia
19
Q
Transformation of adult cell type to another adult cell type (reversible)
A
Metaplasia
20
Q
Enlargement of a tissue due to proliferation of abnormal cells (reversible)
A
Dysplasia
21
Q
Transformation of adult cell type to a more primitive type (irreversible)
A
Anaplasia
22
Q
Continuous abnormal proliferation of cells without control
A
Neoplasia
23
Q
Cardinal signs of inflammation
A
Rumor
Color
Tumor
Dolor
Functio laesa
24
Q
Redness due to increased blood flow to injured site
A
Rubor
25
Heat due to increased blood flow
Calor
26
Swelling (increased capillary permeability resulting to fluid extravasation)
Tumor
27
Pain (increased pressure to the sensory nerve)
Dolor
28
Loss of function (destruction of functional unit
Functio laesa
29
An accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intracellular tissues
Edema
30
Edema seen in nephrotic syndrome, liver cirrhosis, malnutrition, protein-losing enteropathy are mainly due to
Decreased plasma protein (mainly albumin) concentration
31
Edema see in congestive heart failure, salt and fluid retention are mainly caused by
Increased blood (hydrostatic) pressure within the capillary
32
An embolism caused by air bubbles in the vascular system ; introduction of air through INTRAVENOUS LINES, cardiopulmonary bypass, hemodialysis, oral sex ; lung injury (CAR ACCIDENTS), DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS
Air embolism
33
Occurs when bubbles;es of gas, especially nitrogen, obstruct the blood vessels ; caused by abrupt REDUCTION IN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, scuba DIVING, driving a car up a mountain, flying in unpressurized airplane
Decompression sickness
34
Primary signs of somatic death
Circulatory failure, respiratory failure, central nervous failure
35
Secondary signs of somatic death
Algor mortis
Rigor mortis
Liver mortis
Postmortem clotting
Desiccation
Putrefaction
Autolysis
36
Most Mortem cooling
Algor mortis
37
Rate of cooling in Algor mortis
7F/hour
38
Stiffening of muscles
Rigor mortis
39
Part of the body that stiffen first within 2-3 hours
Neck and head
40
Lividity/suggilations (PURPLISH DISCOLORATION)
LIVOR MORTIS
41
Formation of chicken fat and currant jelly-like clot
Post-mortem clotting
42
Drying and wrinkling of the anterior chamber of the eye
Dessication
43
Invasion of intestinal microorganisms
Putrefaction
44
Self digestion of cells (lysosome releases lysozyme
Autolysis
45
Cells size : Enlarged due to swelling
Necrosis
46
Nucleus : Random breaks and lysis (karyolysis)
Necrosis
47
Inflammation : enzyme digestion and leakage of cell contents ; inflammatory response occurs
Necrosis
48
Pathological; results from cell injury
Necrosis
49
Reduced due to shrinkage
Apoptosis
50
Nucleus : condensation and fragmentation between nucleosomes
Apoptosis
51
Intact membrane with loss of phospholipid asymmetry
Apoptosis
52
NO INFLAMMATION occurs ; release of cell contents in membrane-bound apoptosis bodies which are phagocytized by macrophages
Apoptosis
53
Mostly physiological to remove unwanted cells ; pathological in response to cell injury
Apoptosis
54
Surgical connection between two structures
Anastomosis
55
One who dissects cadaver for anatomic demonstration and pathologic exam
Prosector
56
A laboratory worker who assists in the performance of autopsies and maintenance of morgues (morgue assistant/autopsy technician)
Diener (servan in German)
57
An official who investigates sudden, suspicious, or violent death to determine its cause
Coroner
58
Organs removed and dissected INDIVIDUALLY in the body (MOST WIDELY USED)
RUDOLF VICHOW TECHNIQUE
59
IN-SITU dissection in part of combined with en bloc technique
Car von Rokitansky technique
60
En bloc technique
Anton Ghon technique
61
En masse technique
Maurice Letulle
62
An example of both nuclear and histochemical fixative
Newcomer’s
63
Nuclear fixatives
Heidenhain’s susa
Newcomer’s
Bouin’s
Flemming’s with acetic acid
Carnoy’s
64
Cytoplasmic fixatives
Helly’s
Orth’s
Regaud’s (Moller’s)
Flemming’s without acetic acid
Formalin with post-chroming
65
Histochemical fixatives
10% formol-saline
Acetone
Newcomer’s
Absolute ethyl alcohol
66
Concentrated solution should not be neutralized (explosion can occur)
Formaldehyde
67
Formaldehyde Stock solution
37-40%
68
Formaldehyde working solution
10% (no buffer ; unstable)
69
Best general tissue fixative
10% neutral buffered formalin
70
10% neutral buffered formalin rate of tissue penetration
1mm/hour
71
CNS fixative
10% formol-saline
72
Aka formol sublimate (contains mercuric chloride)
Formol-corrosive
73
For electron microscopy ; has 2 reactive aldehyde groups separated by 3 carbon atoms
Glutaraldehyde
74
For electron microscopy, electron histochemistry and electron immunocytochemistry
Karnovsky Paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde
75
Mixture with glutaraldehyde/formaldehyde ; for surgical biopsies
Acrolein
76
Most commonly used metallic fixative
Mercuric chloride fixative
77
Recommended for renal biopsies
Mercuric chloride fixative
78
Fixative of choice for preservation of cell detail in tissue photography
Mercuric chloride fixative
79
Mercuric chloride fixatives
B5
Ohlmacher’s
Schauddin’s
Carnoy-Lebrun
Heidenhain’s Susa
Zenker’s
Zenker-formol (Helly’s)
80
Fixative for bone marrow biopsies
B5
81
Rapid fixative giving excellent nuclear preservation
Ohlmacher’s
Carnoy-Lebrun
82
Fixative for stool preservation
Schauddin’s
83
Does not produce black pigments
Heidenhain’s SuSa
84
Su =
Sublimat, mercuric chloride
85
Su =
Sublimat, mercuric chloride
86
Sa =
Saure, acid
87
Recommended for trichrome staining
Zenker’s
88
For fixing pituitary gland, bone marrow and blood-containing organs
Zenker-formol (Helly’s)
89
Osmium tetroxide fixatives
Flemming’s with acetic acid
Flemming’s without acetic acid
90
Permanently fixes fats ; excellent for fixing nuclear structures
Flemming’s with acetic acid
91
Osmium tetroxide fixative For fixing mitochondria
Flemming’s without acetic acid
92
Chromate fixatives
Chromic acid
Regaud’s (Moller’s)
Orth’s
Potassium dichromate
93
Preserves carbohydrates
Chromic acid
94
For fixing chromatin, mitochondria, mitosis figures
Regaud’s (Moller’s)
95
For fixing Ricketssia and necrotic tissues
Orth’s
96
Chromate fixative for fixing mitochondria
Potassium dichromate
97
Picric acid fixatives
Brasil’s alcoholic picroformol
Bouin’s
98
Less messy than Bouin’s ; excellent fixative for glycogen
Brasil’s alcoholic picroformol
99
Picric acid fixative : for embryos and glycogen and for Masson’s trichrome stain
Bouin’s
100
Alcoholic fixative for bone marrow and blood smears
Methanol
101
Alcoholic fixative : preserves but does not fix glycogen ; causes polarization
Ethanol
102
Alcoholic fixative : for touch preparation
Isopropanol
103
Alcoholic fixative : Most rapid fixative (1-3 hours) ; for fixing chromosomes
Carnoy’s
104
Alcoholic fixative : for fixing sputum
Alcoholic formalin (Gendre’s)
105
Alcoholic fixative : For fixing mucopolysaccharides
Newcomer’s
106
Alcoholic fixatives
Methanol
Ethanol
Isopropanol
Carnoy’s
Alcoholic formalin (Gendre’s)
Newcomer’s
