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GIS > Intro & Ch 1 > Flashcards

Intro & Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does GIS stand for?

A

Geographic Information System or Science

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2
Q

What is A system of hardware and software that links mapped objects to attribute information that describes them and provides tools to store retrieve and manipulate both types of data?

A

GIS

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3
Q

What is GIS?

A

A system of hardware and software that links mapped objects to attribute information that describes them and provides tools to store retrieve and manipulate both types of data.

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4
Q

Give 3 examples of areas of study that benefit from GIS

A

City and Regional Planning
Hydrologic Modeling
Security
Geotechnical Engineering
Transportation
Marketing
Real Estate
Business
Politics
Environmental Studies

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5
Q

Name 3 General GIS tasks

A
  1. visualize database information
  2. combine data from various sources
  3. understand special relationships
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6
Q

What can a GIS do?

A

Fill in on computer

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7
Q

What are the 4 system components of GIS?

A

People/staff, data, hardware, software

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8
Q

discrete vs continuous data

A

discrete objects: objects exist in a defined location
continuous: data exist everywhere

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9
Q

What is the kind of data that exists in a defined location?

A

discrete

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10
Q

What is the name for data that exists anywhere?

A

Continuous

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11
Q

Canoe shelter locations is an example of what kind of data?

A

Discrete

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12
Q

An elevation raster is an example of what kind of data?

A

continuous

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13
Q

Is the raster data model grid-based or object-based?

A

grid-based

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14
Q

Is vector data models grid-based or object-based?

A

object-based

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15
Q

Are raster continuous or discrete data?

A

Continuous

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16
Q

Are vectors continuous or discrete data?

A

discrete

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17
Q

What are stored map objects?

A

features

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18
Q

What is a collection of similar features stored together, like states or rivers?

A

feature class

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19
Q

what are the 3 features?

A

points, lines, polygons

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20
Q

In the ____ model, Spatial features linked to table by unique identifier (FID or OID)

A

vector

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21
Q

In the vector model, what is the relationship between feature and row in table?

A

1:1 relationship

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22
Q

In the ____ model, Geographic space is quantized into uniformly-sized discrete units, called pixels or cells

A

raster model

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23
Q

Name at least two strengths of the vector model:

A

Can store individual features such as roads or streams with a high degree of precision
Linked attribute table provides capability to store and manipulate feature attributes
Suitable for mapmaking due to great feature detail
Ideal for network modeling

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24
Q

What is a weakness of the vector model?

A

Poorly suited to map continuous data
Some analysis can be time consuming (updating county level parcel data)

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25
Q

_______ is the ratio of distance on the map to distance on the ground

A

map scale

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26
Q

What is map scale’s dimension?

A

it is dimensionless

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27
Q

A ____ scale map covers a larger geographic region such as the world

A

small

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28
Q

a ___ scale map covers a relatively small geographic area

A

large

29
Q

Does a small-scale map cover a large or small geographic area?

A

large

30
Q

Does a large-scale map cover a large or small geographic area?

A

small

31
Q

____ data source is tracked backed to land surveyor’s professional stamp

A

authoritative

32
Q

What is a measure of the size at which features in a map are
represented?

A

Map scale

33
Q

A ___ scale map is one in which the ratio is large

A

large. Thus, a 1:24,000 scale map has a larger scale
than a 1:100,000 scale map. A large-scale map shows a relatively small
area, such as a city, whereas small-scale maps show bigger areas, such
as states or countries.

34
Q

What is simplifying the
data for digital storage (ex. river as a line at a small scale)

A

generalization

35
Q

______ describes how closely the x-y values of a data
set correspond to the actual locations on the earth’s surface.

A

Geometric accuracy

36
Q

What type of accuracy determines if something is where it says it is?

A

geometric accuracy

37
Q

______ refers to how accurate the attributes stored in the table are to real life

A

Thematic accuracy

38
Q

What are some things that could cause a lack of thematic accuracy?

A

How is it measured?
How accurate are the measurements?
What are the possible sources of error?
Mistypes, things that cannot be known exactly (ie census)

39
Q

___ evaluates whether a data model or data set accurately represents the real-world relationships between features.

A

logical consistency

40
Q

____ stores information about the
data set, such as where it came from, how it was developed, who
assembled it, how precise it is, and whether it can be given to another
person.

A

metadata

41
Q

What are web maps?

A

Maps that only uses GIS services (available online)

42
Q

____ provide geospatial data over Internet connections.

A

GIS servers/services

43
Q

What is information about map features stored in columns of a
table?

A

attributes

44
Q

What are attributes?

A

information about map features stored in columns of a table

45
Q

What is a a square data element in a raster corresponding to one value
representing conditions on the ground?

A

cell

46
Q

What is a cell in the raster model?

A

a square data element in a raster corresponding to one value
representing conditions on the ground

47
Q

What kind of data takes on a variety of values and that change
rapidly across a data set, such as elevation?

A

continuous data

48
Q

What is a data construct designed to store information as tables?

A

database

49
Q

What is a database?

A

a data construct designed to store information as tables

50
Q

described data that represent distinct spatial objects such as
wells, roads, or counties is ____

A

discrete data

51
Q

___ is a spatial object composed of one or more x-y coordinate pairs
and having one or more attributes in a single record of an associated
table.

A

Feature

52
Q

___ is a a set of similar objects with the same attributes stored together in a spatial data file

A

feature class

53
Q

What is the accuracy with which the shape and position
of features are represented?

A

geometric accuracy

54
Q

____ is the analysis of spatial data layers, such as dissolving, intersecting, and merging

A

geoprocessing

55
Q

What is a spatial data layer that is tied to a specific location on the earth’s surface for display with other data?

A

georeferenced data

56
Q

____ is information stored about data to document their source,
history, management, uses, and more

A

metadata

57
Q

What is a a data set composed of an array of numeric values, each of
which represents a condition in a square element of ground?

A

Raster

58
Q

____ is the degree to which attribute values represent the true properties in the real world

A

thematic accuracy

59
Q

What is a spatial data storage method in which features are represented
by one or more pairs of x-y coordinate values forming points, lines,
or polygons

A

vector

60
Q

T or F
The vector model is best for continuous data. The raster model is best for discrete data.

A

F

61
Q

T or F
The raster model stores features as map objects called points, lines and polygons

A

F
The vector model stores features as map objects called points, lines and polygons. The raster model breaks the map area into small cells knowns as pixels, grids, cells or rasters.

62
Q

Thematic accuracy is not related to data location

A

T
Thematic accuracy is related to the accuracy of the attributes. Geometric accuracy is related to a feature’s location

63
Q

T or F
Logical consistency assesses how well data represents real-world relationships

A

T
For example, do roads connect at intersections? Do county and state boundaries align?

64
Q

When GIS servers provide data over the internet (streaming data), this is an example of a

A

map service

65
Q

Match the data type with the map type

Nominal
Numeric (Interval and Ratio)
Categorical

Single Symbol
Graduated Symbol and Graduated Color
Unique Values

A

Nominal-single symbol
Categorical-unique values
numeric-graduated symbol

66
Q

T or F
Data or Numeric Classification applies only to vector data

A

F
Correct. Data or Numeric Classification applies to vector and raster data. Numeric raster data can be classified (elevation ranges)

67
Q

Quantile classification puts the same number of features into each class

A

T

68
Q

MAUP stands for

A

Modifiable Areal Unit Problem

69
Q

In an attribute table, dividing each value by the total of all the values is another way to _____________ data

A

normalize

GIS (11 decks)

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