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Intro & Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does GIS stand for?

A

Geographic Information System or Science

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2
Q

What is A system of hardware and software that links mapped objects to attribute information that describes them and provides tools to store retrieve and manipulate both types of data?

A

GIS

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3
Q

What is GIS?

A

A system of hardware and software that links mapped objects to attribute information that describes them and provides tools to store retrieve and manipulate both types of data.

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4
Q

Give 3 examples of areas of study that benefit from GIS

A

City and Regional Planning
Hydrologic Modeling
Security
Geotechnical Engineering
Transportation
Marketing
Real Estate
Business
Politics
Environmental Studies

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5
Q

Name 3 General GIS tasks

A
  1. visualize database information
  2. combine data from various sources
  3. understand special relationships
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6
Q

What can a GIS do?

A

Fill in on computer

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7
Q

What are the 4 system components of GIS?

A

People/staff, data, hardware, software

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8
Q

discrete vs continuous data

A

discrete objects: objects exist in a defined location
continuous: data exist everywhere

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9
Q

What is the kind of data that exists in a defined location?

A

discrete

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10
Q

What is the name for data that exists anywhere?

A

Continuous

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11
Q

Canoe shelter locations is an example of what kind of data?

A

Discrete

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12
Q

An elevation raster is an example of what kind of data?

A

continuous

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13
Q

Is the raster data model grid-based or object-based?

A

grid-based

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14
Q

Is vector data models grid-based or object-based?

A

object-based

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15
Q

Are raster continuous or discrete data?

A

Continuous

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16
Q

Are vectors continuous or discrete data?

A

discrete

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17
Q

What are stored map objects?

A

features

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18
Q

What is a collection of similar features stored together, like states or rivers?

A

feature class

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19
Q

what are the 3 features?

A

points, lines, polygons

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20
Q

In the ____ model, Spatial features linked to table by unique identifier (FID or OID)

A

vector

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21
Q

In the vector model, what is the relationship between feature and row in table?

A

1:1 relationship

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22
Q

In the ____ model, Geographic space is quantized into uniformly-sized discrete units, called pixels or cells

A

raster model

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23
Q

Name at least two strengths of the vector model:

A

Can store individual features such as roads or streams with a high degree of precision
Linked attribute table provides capability to store and manipulate feature attributes
Suitable for mapmaking due to great feature detail
Ideal for network modeling

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24
Q

What is a weakness of the vector model?

A

Poorly suited to map continuous data
Some analysis can be time consuming (updating county level parcel data)

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25
_______ is the ratio of distance on the map to distance on the ground
map scale
26
What is map scale's dimension?
it is dimensionless
27
A ____ scale map covers a larger geographic region such as the world
small
28
a ___ scale map covers a relatively small geographic area
large
29
Does a small-scale map cover a large or small geographic area?
large
30
Does a large-scale map cover a large or small geographic area?
small
31
____ data source is tracked backed to land surveyor’s professional stamp
authoritative
32
What is a measure of the size at which features in a map are represented?
Map scale
33
A ___ scale map is one in which the ratio is large
large. Thus, a 1:24,000 scale map has a larger scale than a 1:100,000 scale map. A large-scale map shows a relatively small area, such as a city, whereas small-scale maps show bigger areas, such as states or countries.
34
What is simplifying the data for digital storage (ex. river as a line at a small scale)
generalization
35
______ describes how closely the x-y values of a data set correspond to the actual locations on the earth’s surface.
Geometric accuracy
36
What type of accuracy determines if something is where it says it is?
geometric accuracy
37
______ refers to how accurate the attributes stored in the table are to real life
Thematic accuracy
38
What are some things that could cause a lack of thematic accuracy?
How is it measured? How accurate are the measurements? What are the possible sources of error? Mistypes, things that cannot be known exactly (ie census)
39
___ evaluates whether a data model or data set accurately represents the real-world relationships between features.
logical consistency
40
____ stores information about the data set, such as where it came from, how it was developed, who assembled it, how precise it is, and whether it can be given to another person.
metadata
41
What are web maps?
Maps that only uses GIS services (available online)
42
____ provide geospatial data over Internet connections.
GIS servers/services
43
What is information about map features stored in columns of a table?
attributes
44
What are attributes?
information about map features stored in columns of a table
45
What is a a square data element in a raster corresponding to one value representing conditions on the ground?
cell
46
What is a cell in the raster model?
a square data element in a raster corresponding to one value representing conditions on the ground
47
What kind of data takes on a variety of values and that change rapidly across a data set, such as elevation?
continuous data
48
What is a data construct designed to store information as tables?
database
49
What is a database?
a data construct designed to store information as tables
50
described data that represent distinct spatial objects such as wells, roads, or counties is ____
discrete data
51
___ is a spatial object composed of one or more x-y coordinate pairs and having one or more attributes in a single record of an associated table.
Feature
52
___ is a a set of similar objects with the same attributes stored together in a spatial data file
feature class
53
What is the accuracy with which the shape and position of features are represented?
geometric accuracy
54
____ is the analysis of spatial data layers, such as dissolving, intersecting, and merging
geoprocessing
55
What is a spatial data layer that is tied to a specific location on the earth’s surface for display with other data?
georeferenced data
56
____ is information stored about data to document their source, history, management, uses, and more
metadata
57
What is a a data set composed of an array of numeric values, each of which represents a condition in a square element of ground?
Raster
58
____ is the degree to which attribute values represent the true properties in the real world
thematic accuracy
59
What is a spatial data storage method in which features are represented by one or more pairs of x-y coordinate values forming points, lines, or polygons
vector
60
T or F The vector model is best for continuous data. The raster model is best for discrete data.
F
61
T or F The raster model stores features as map objects called points, lines and polygons
F The vector model stores features as map objects called points, lines and polygons. The raster model breaks the map area into small cells knowns as pixels, grids, cells or rasters.
62
Thematic accuracy is not related to data location
T Thematic accuracy is related to the accuracy of the attributes. Geometric accuracy is related to a feature's location
63
T or F Logical consistency assesses how well data represents real-world relationships
T For example, do roads connect at intersections? Do county and state boundaries align?
64
When GIS servers provide data over the internet (streaming data), this is an example of a
map service
65
Match the data type with the map type Nominal Numeric (Interval and Ratio) Categorical Single Symbol Graduated Symbol and Graduated Color Unique Values
Nominal-single symbol Categorical-unique values numeric-graduated symbol
66
T or F Data or Numeric Classification applies only to vector data
F Correct. Data or Numeric Classification applies to vector and raster data. Numeric raster data can be classified (elevation ranges)
67
Quantile classification puts the same number of features into each class
T
68
MAUP stands for
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
69
In an attribute table, dividing each value by the total of all the values is another way to _____________ data
normalize

GIS (11 decks)

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