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MSK > Intro/Examination > Flashcards

Intro/Examination Flashcards

1
Q

SINSS

A 
severity
irritability
nature
stage
stability
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2
Q

S (1st)

A

Severity- clinician’s assessment of the INTENSITY of symptoms and the effect of functional ability (non,minimal,moderate,maximal)

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3
Q

I

A

Irritability- the AMOUNT of activity to produce an exacerbation of the symptoms, the SEVERITY of the symptoms, and the TIME to SUBSIDE

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4
Q

N

A

Nature- the PRIMARY STRUCTURE responsible for producing the patient’s complaint according to the clinician’s hypothesis

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5
Q

S (2nd)

A

Stage- clinicians assessment of the disorder on a TIME SCALE (acute, subacute, chronic)

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6
Q

S (3rd)

A

Stability- EASE with which the condition can be DISTURBED (getting worse, better, same)
(how does current condition compare to previous one?)

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7
Q

acute

A

lasts less than 30 days

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8
Q

subacute

A

lasts from one to six months

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9
Q

chronic

A

more than six months duration (pain that extends beyond the expected period of healing)

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10
Q

Inflammation (acute)

A

injury up to 1 week
clot formation, WBC, collagen synthesis
area is warm, red, swollen, tender
rest, relieve pain, protect

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11
Q

Proliferation/repair (subacute)

A

up to 21 days
new scar, migration of fibroblasts
scar is red, limited ROM and strength
optimal stimulus for regeneration, protect, gain motion

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12
Q

remodeling/maturation (chronic)

A

up to one year
macrophages/fibroblasts diminish
scar tissue density increases
increase tissue stress, full motion, strength, function

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13
Q

sign

A

a physical examination finding in a joint or structure that is abnormal (stiffness, hyper mobility, palpable soft tissue changes, weakness, decreased ROM)

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14
Q

symptom

A

something that the patient complains of including (pain, numbness, burning, ache)

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15
Q

clear

A

without signs (a joint cannot be cleared unless firm overpressure is applied with no more discomfort than the normal joint on the opposite side

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16
Q

comparable sign

A

a sign found on objective examination that reproduces the pain or demonstrates an abnormality in a structure capable of producing the patients complaint

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17
Q

objective exam sequence

A

standing, supine, sidling, prone, sitting

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18
Q

AROM

A

tests contractile and inert tissue

forces contractile tissue to work

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19
Q

PROM

A 
tests inert structures
can feel end feels, capsular patterns
stretches and stresses contractile tissue
pain before end feel-acute inflammation
pain at first barrier- less inflamed
pain after first barrier- noninflammed
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20
Q

resisted motion testing

A

tests contractile structures
NOT a measurement of muscle strength
examined in resting position
no joint movement
strong and painful- minor strain
weak and painless- near problem or tendon rupture
weak and painful- moderate to major contractile lesion or more serious problem, such as a fracture

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21
Q

deep tendon reflex grading scale

A 
0= no response
1+= hypo reflexive 
2+= normal response
3+= hyperreflexive
4+= clonus
22
Q

DTR hyporeflexive

A

spinal nerve root, peripheral nerve, cerebellum (rarely)

23
Q

hyperreflexive

A

cortex, brain stem, spinal cord

24
Q

nociceptors

A

free nerve endings, can be painful

25
Q

articular cartilage

A

avascular, no nociceptive fibers, no inflammatory response, full thickness injury penetrates into subchondral bone which produces sign

26
Q

labrum

A

fibrocartilage, test with compression through joint, may be positive injury with pain, reproduction of symptoms, and or pop/click

27
Q

same pain results with AROM and PROM in SAME direction…

A

suspect INERT tissue

28
Q

same pain results with AROM and PROM in OPPOSITE directions…

A

suspect contractile tissue

29
Q

Capsular pattern

A

limitation of pain and movement in a joint specific ratio

suggests irritation of entire synovial membrane or joint capsule

30
Q

noncapsular pattern

A

suggests internal derangements (meniscus tear)
extra articular adhesions (muscle injury, bursitis)
restriction of one part of capsule

31
Q

Iliopsoas

A

hip flexion

32
Q

rectus femoris

A

hip flexion, knee extension

33
Q

adductor longus

A

hip flexion, adduction, internal rotation

34
Q

sartorius

A

hip flexion, external rotation, abduction

35
Q

TFL

A

hip flexion, abduction, internal rotation

36
Q

tendon vs ligament

A

tendon- typical finding is strong but painful response to resistance of involved musculotendinous structure
ligament- point tenderness, joint effusion, history of trauma, stress test applied perpendicular to normal plane of joint movement can help distinguish severity

37
Q

dermatome

A

sensory distribution

38
Q

myotome

A

muscle distribution

39
Q

pes planus

A

pronation
long post tib
tight peroneal muscles

40
Q

pes cavus

A

supination
tight post tib
long peroneal muscles

41
Q

genu varum

A

bow leg
>/= 180
hyperextension of knees?

42
Q

genu valgum

A

knock knees

43
Q

tibial torsion

A

ideal 13-18

44
Q

Q angle

A

angle between line formed by ASIS to mid patella to tibial tubercle

45
Q

genu recurvatum

A

tight quads,gastrocnemius

hyperextend

46
Q

flexed knees

A

tight post capsule

weak quads

47
Q

femoral retroversion

A
48
Q

femoral anteversion

A

> 15

compensate with walking toe in

49
Q

ant pelvic tilt

A

tight hip flexors

weak abdominals

50
Q

post pelvis tilt

A

long hip flexors

tight hamstrings

MSK (13 decks)

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