intro/ past 10,000 years Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

swansea least deprived men/women compared to most deprived

A

men = live in good health for 21 more years than in most deprived

women = l16 extra years

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2
Q

generational health drift

A

people now in their 50s and above are more likely to have serious health problems than those born before or during ww2 at equiv age despite advances in med/public awareness - esp in terms of cancer, heart problems, diabetes

“healthy life expectancy vs life expectancy”

this is due to modern lifestyle decreasing healthy life expectancy

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3
Q

non communicable diseases kill how many per year

A

41 million

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4
Q

non communicable diseases account for what % of deaths globally

A

71%

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5
Q

85% of premature deaths caused by non communicable diseases are in

A

low and middle income countries like africa, south america, parts of asia

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6
Q

what are the 4 main modifiable risk factors to non communicable diseases

(+ 2 new ones)

A

smoking

diet

alcohol

lack of excercise

air pollution

mental/ neuro conditions

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7
Q

tobacco causes how many deaths per year

A

7.2 million

(same as current air pollution)

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8
Q

excess salt/ sodium in diets cause how many deaths per year

A

4.1 million

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9
Q

over __ deaths attributable to alcohol use are from non communicable disease, including cancer

A

50%

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10
Q

insufficient physical activity causes how many deaths per year

A

1.6 million

(as well as inc fast food market)

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11
Q

what are the 5 main non communicable diseases

A

cardiovascular disease

chronic respiratory disease

cancer

diabetes

mental/ neuro conditions

(also musculoskeletal is considered a burden e.g. back pain, arthritis)

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12
Q

what are the characteristics of non communicable diseases

A

chronic, not infectious, long duration

result from genetic, physiological, environmental, behavioural factors, etc

worsened due to rapid unplanned urbanisation, globalisation of unhealthy lifestyles and population ageing

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13
Q

15 million premature deaths between __

A

30-69 years

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14
Q

5 examples of communicable diseases

A

rheumatic fever

hepatitis A

tuberculosis

mumps

measles

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15
Q

4 examples of non communicable diseases

A

crohn’s disease

multiple sclerosis

type 1 diabetes

asthma

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16
Q

what are the main 7 ways we have shaped our environment

A

cooking

agriculture

accommodation

sanitation

refrigeration

vaccination

biomass

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17
Q

how has cooking shaped our environment

A

improved life expectancy (killing bacteria and making food digestible)

but, cause environmental pm that can impact respiratory system

18
Q

digestibility

A

the degree to which macronutrients are digested and absorbed by the GI tract

19
Q

sedentism

A

transition from nomadic lifestyle to living in groups for long periods of time

20
Q

5 lifestyle factprs contributing to non communicable diseases epidemic

A

tobacco use

physical inactivity

excess alcohol

unhealthy diet

air pollution

21
Q

what are the three components of the global syndemic

A

obesity
malnutrition
climate change

22
Q

current life expectancy

23
Q

expected life expectancy 2050

24
Q

difference between lifespan vs life expectancy

A

span = max number of years an individual can live

expectancy = expected duh

25
main causes of dec life expectancy in 30,000 BC/ neanderthals
injuries conflict malnutrition diseases from animals
26
main causes of dec life expectancy in 8500-3500 BC/ neolithic time
urbanisation lack of sanitation faeces/ insects
27
main causes of dec life expectancy in greece/roman times/ 500BC-500AD
urbanisation malnutrition violence
28
main causes of inc life expectancy in early medieval times/ 500-1500AD
solving problems of urbanisation
29
main causes of dec life expectancy in late medieval times
famine disease
30
main causes of dec life expectancy in victorian times/ 1850 -1900
crowded disease malnutrition
31
main causes of inc life expectancy in 1900s
health care sanitation refrigeration
32
main causes of dec / inc life expectancy today
inc vaccination dec NCDs
33
life expectancy in neanderthals
30
34
life expectancy in neolithics
38
35
life expectancy in greece/rome
35
36
life expectancy in early medieval
48
37
life expectancy late in late medieval
38
38
life expectancy in victorian times
40
39
life expectancy in 1950s
70s
40
life expectancy today
80
41
What has happened to life expectancy in the UK over the past 10 - 20 years?
Gain in life expectancy has decreased