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CADE > Intro to CNS > Flashcards

Intro to CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Meninges

A

CNS Coverings

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2
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

PNS

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

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4
Q

Telencephalon

A

Forebrain

Cerebral hemispheres

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5
Q

Diencephelon

A

Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Brain Stem
Sensory and homeostasis

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6
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Mid brain

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7
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons

Sleep and circadian rhythm

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8
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla

Heart rate and Respiration

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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

Connected to metencephalon

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10
Q

Superior

A

Above midbrain:
Dorsal
Below midbrain:
Rostral

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11
Q

Anterior

A

Above midbrain:
Rostral
Below Midbrain:
Ventral

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12
Q

Posterior

A

Above midbrain:
Caudal
Below midbrain:
Dorsal

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13
Q

Inferior

A

Above midbrain:
Ventral
Below midbrain:
Caudal

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14
Q

Sulci

A

Crevices in the brain

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15
Q

Gyri

A

Bumps or ridges between sulci

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16
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision

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17
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Pain and touch

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18
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory processes

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19
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Problem solving, higher thinking

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20
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal nerve

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21
Q

Cerebral peduncle

A

Collection of ascending and descending nerve tracts between cerebrum and pons

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22
Q

Olive

A

Olive shaped structures on either side of anterior face of medulla

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23
Q

Pyramid

A

Contain motor fibers within medulla

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24
Q

Fasciculus cunteatus

A

Lateral bundle of fiber nerves in medulla

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25
Fasciculus gracilis
Medial bundle of nerve fibers in medulla
26
Meninges
Bone, dura mater, arachoid mater, pia mater | Protect the CNS
27
Bone
Skull around brain or vertebrae
28
Dura mater
Outer layer "tough mother"
29
Arachnoid
Middle layer, spider-web like
30
Pia mater
immediate covering, "delicate mother"
31
Epidural space
Bone/dura Site for hematoma Epidrual venous plexus
32
Subdural space
Dura/arachnoid | Site for hematoma
33
Subarachnoid space
arachnoid/pia | True space with CSF
34
Plexus
Where things join together (veins or nerves)
35
CSF
``` Cerebro-spinal fluid Clear, colorless liquid that fills and surround the CNS Bathes brain and spinal cord Nutrient and waste exchange Cushion for CNS Fills ventricles (space) inside the CNS ```
36
Choroid plexus
Specialized vascular structure located in the ventricles
37
Ventricles
2 lateral ventricles (cerebral hemispheres)
38
Midline Third Ventricle
Diencephalon
39
Fourth ventricle
Pons, medulla, cerebellum
40
Central canal
Spinal cord (one of 3 doors for CSF to go through)
41
Interventricular foramen of Monro
between later ventricles and third ventricle | Blockage is bad
42
Cerebral aqueduct
Between third and fourth ventricles
43
Lateral apertures of Luschka
Let CSF flow
44
Median aperture of Magendie
Below lateral apertures of luschka
45
Arachnoid villi
One way valves where CSF can get from subarachnoid space to venous blood
46
Hydrocephalus
Occurs when too much CSF occupies the subarachnoid space | Buildup of fluid
47
Neurons
Nerve cells specialized for receiving and transmitting information to effector cells Dendrites and axons
48
Dendrites
Neuron cell processes that receive info
49
Axons
Neuron cell processes that transmit info
50
Synapses
Where communication between neurons happens
51
Neuronal Signals
Can be excitatory or inhibitory
52
Glial cells
Insulate axons with myelin to ensure signal does not degrade over distance Blood-brain barrier (bridges between neurons and blood vessels
53
Transverse plan
Cute the face in half horizontally
54
Coronal plane
Cut the face off
55
Sagittal Plane
Cut the face in half vertically
56
Gray matter
Mainly neuron cell bodies, unmyelinated axons, synapses | In cross section of spinal cord creates an H shape
57
White matter
``` Myelinated axons, Transmit over long distances and fast, Funiculus Tract Fasciculus lemniscus Bundle ```
58
Gray matter horns
Posterior/dorsal horns Lateral Anterior/ventral
59
Cervical Gray matter
High levels of gray matter
60
Thoracic gray matter
Lower levels of gray matter, higher levels of white matter
61
Lumbar gray matter
Highest gray matter, lowest white matter
62
Nucleus (CNS)
Group of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS
63
Ganglion
Group of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS
64
Substantia gelatinosa
Modifies sensation of pain
65
Nucleus proprius
Carries info about pain and temp
66
Dorsal nucleus of Clarke
Carries proprioceptive information about body | Where you are in space
67
Lateral horn nuclei
Autonomic nervous system Sympathetics at thoracic and lumbar spinal cord levels Parasympathetics at sacral spinal cord levels
68
Anterior/Ventral Horn
Organized medial to later Medial nuclei supply muscles of trunk Lateral nuclei supply muscles of limbs
69
White matter
Divided into funiculi Anterior/ventral Lateral Posterior/dorsal
70
Dorsal funiculi
Sensory info about position, vibratory sense, and fine touch | 2 columns
71
Fasciculus gracilis
Legs
72
Fasiculus cuneatus
Arms
73
Lateral funiculi
Sensory and motor tracts
74
Lateral funiculi sensory info
Cerebellum for balance | Thalamus for pain and temp
75
Cervical Spinal cord
Wide and squashed, lots of white matter, ventral horn enlargement, gracilis and cuneatus
76
Thoracic spinal cord
Round looking, lots of white matter, little gray matter, lateral horn
77
Lumbar spinal cord
Round looking, little white matter, ventral horn enlargement, fasciculus gracilis

CADE (5 decks)

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