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PHM 704- Geriatrics > Intro to Geriatrics > Flashcards

Intro to Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical changes in the CV system

A

decreased contraction and filling capacity → less CO

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2
Q

Physiological changes in the CV system

A

changes in conduction → tachy and bradyarrhythmias, decreased efficiency, decreased catecholamines

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3
Q

Changes in the conduction system of the heart

A

decreased due to fibrosis or ischemia, “irritable” → trigger → increased HR → tachyarrhythmias.

Generally slows down

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4
Q

Arterial changes in the CV system

A

increased stiffness, atherosclerosis

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5
Q

Venular changes in the CV system

A

decreased valves, thrombosis, PE

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6
Q

Disease r/t aging CV system

A

HTN, TIA/CVA (carotid- occlusion, vertebral- hypotension)

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7
Q

CNS changes in the elderly: conduction and transmission

A

moving slower and not as strong → results in not having the same coordination or muscle control

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8
Q

CNS changes: threshold for arousal

A

Blurred, needs a greater signal

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9
Q

CNS changes: adaptation to physiologic stressors

A

Reduced

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10
Q

CNS changes: recovery time in autonomic system

A

Increased time needed to return to baseline

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11
Q

Respiratory changes in the elderly

A

Normal at rest, compromised under stress

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12
Q

Anatomical changes in the respiratory system

A

decreased expiration → decreased elasticity, muscle weakness, skeletal deformities and reduced capacity of lungs

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13
Q

Functional changes in the respiratory system

A

decreased ventilation and PaO2

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14
Q

Anatomical changes in the kidneys

A

Nephron degeneration

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15
Q

Physiologic changes in the kidneys

A

decreased ability to concentrate urine, decreased renal blood flow, decreased acid-base adaptation when stressed

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16
Q

Diseases and problems with the kidneys in the elderly

A

inadequate fluid intake, fluid loss d/t vomiting and diarrhea, shock due to hemorrhage, cardiac failure, sepsis, injudicious use of diuretics, sodium phosphate enemas

17
Q

Bladder changes in older women

A

estrogen deprivation, atrophy, decreased secretions → urinary incontinence, dyspareunia, menopause signs/symptoms

18
Q

Bladder changes in older men

A

gradual decrease in testosterone, decreased libido and sexual function, decreased energy, increased body fat, osteoporosis, decreased muscle mass, decreased body hair

19
Q

General GI changes

A

Dentition and nutrition changes because they’re eating less

20
Q

Esophageal changes

A

decreased motility, hiatal hernia (stomach pushing up through the LES)

21
Q

Stomach changes

A

decreased acid, intrinsic factor, motility

22
Q

Colon changes

A

decreased motility

23
Q

Pancreatic changes

A

decreased secretions

24
Q

Liver changes

A

decreased size and blood flow; decreased CYP450 activity

25
Q

Musculoskeletal changes: structure and function

A

atrophy, decreased O2

26
Q

Joint changes

A

erosion, degeneration, calcification/ossification of ligaments

27
Q

Skeletal degeneration changes

A

osteoporosis → kyphosis

28
Q

Musculoskeletal changes in the elderly can lead to what?

A

Fractures and falls

29
Q

Skin and derm changes

A

Changes in skin, nails, hair → decreased elasticity and turgor, increased pigmentation

30
Q

Sensory changes

A

decreased vision and hearing

31
Q

Frality defintion

A

a state of vulnerability to poor resolution of homeostasis after a stressor event and is a consequence of cumulative decline in many physiological systems during a lifetime. This cumulative decline depletes homeostatic reserves until minor stressor events trigger disproportionate changes in health status.

32
Q

Geriatric syndromes definiton

A

multifactorial health conditions that occur when the accumulated effects of impairments in multiple systems render an older person vulnerable to situational challenges

33
Q

Types of geriatric syndromes

A

Dementia, delirium, urinary incontinence, falls, gait disturbances, dizziness, syncope, hearing impairment, visual impairment, osteopenia, malnutrition, eating and feeding problems, pressure ulcers, sleep problems

34
Q

Comprehensive geriatric assessment

A

Cost and coverage
Adherence
Safety
Attaining therapeutic goals
History-taking problems
Medication organization
Assessing and monitoring drug therapy

35
Q

Drug-related problems in the elderly

A

Underuse
Overuse
Inappropriate prescribing

36
Q

5 Ms of Geriatrics

A

Mind, mobility, medications, multi-complexity, matters most

37
Q

Prescribing cascade: what is it?

A

One drug is prescribed to combat the effects of another one and so on and so forth. Some of these prescribing cascades are legit and CAN help with symptomatic relief, but knowing that a symptom a patient is experiencing is a side effect of the drug is the most important part!

PHM 704- Geriatrics (15 decks)

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