Intro to Life

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

1. The smallest unit of life is a single cell
2. All living organisms are made up of 1 or more cells
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Hierarchical Organization of Life

Answer 2

Increasing complexity of life:
Ecosystem: A specified physical space and the communities it contains
Community
Population
Organism
Organ system
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Organelle
Molecules
Atoms
Subatomic particles: The elementary particles that make up atoms

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

Adenosine Triphosphate; primary molecule used for energy in cells

Question 4

Characteristics of Life (6)

Answer 4

1. Order and organization
2. Growth and development
3. Reproduction
4. Energy metabolism
5. Maintain homeostasis
6. Response to the environment

Question 5

Feedback system (3 parts)

Answer 5

• Sensor: monitors or measures for a stimulus
• Control center: uses information to decide how to respond to the detected stimulus
• effector: Carries out action (decision) that either reverses or amplifies stimulus

Question 6

Taxonomic Hierarchy

Answer 6

Orders from most inclusive to most exclusive:
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species

Question 7

Scientific name

Answer 7

Genus, species (italicized)

Question 8

Domains

Answer 8

Eubacteria (bacteria)
Archaebacteria (Archaea)
Eukarya: Contains plant, animal, fungi, and protist kingdoms

Question 9

Kingdoms

Answer 9

Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protist, Bacteria

Question 10

Linnaeus, Whittaker, and Woese-Whittaker

Answer 10

Linnaeus: Created modern classification beginning with 2 kingdoms, plants and animals; 18th century.
Whittaker: Expanded on Linnaeus’s system; added 3 kingdoms, Monera (bacteria), Protista (protists), and Fungi; mid-1900s.
Wose-Whittaker: Created domains; Eubacteria (bacteria), Archaebacteria (Archaea), and Eukarya.

Question 11

Prokaryote v.s Eukaryote

Answer 11

Prokaryote: Organisms made up of cells without nuclei
Eukaryote: Organisms made up of cells with nuclei

Question 12

Autotrophic

Answer 12

An organism that can make its own food for energy

Question 13

Heterotrophic

Answer 13

An organism that has to eat something/someone else for energy

Question 14

Protista (protists)

Answer 14

-Unicellular with a nucleus
- Engulfing (only used by protists)
- Some are autotrophic and some are heterotrophic

Question 15

Animalia (Animal)

Answer 15

• Multicellular with a nucleus
• All are heterotrophic

Question 16

Fungi

Answer 16

• Multicellular with a nucleus
• Filamentous body
• Heterotrophic

Question 17

Plantae

Answer 17

• Multicellular with a nucleus
• Autorophic

Question 18

Viruses

Answer 18

Non-living infectious nucleic acid with a protein coat