Intro. to medicines 1

Question 1

Drug def.

Answer 1

Chemical substance that interacts with a part of the body (by binding to specific cell receptor) to alter existing physiological/biochemical processes. Principle active ingredient in medicine.

Question 2

Drug Function

Answer 2

Diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease.

Question 3

Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Def.

Answer 3

Form medicine is taken by patient Eg: tablet, syrup

Question 4

Why do dosage forms have unique formulations

Answer 4

Drug combined with other suitable ingredients

Question 5

What does a patient take

Answer 5

Dosage form

Question 6

Regulation (function)

Answer 6

Ensures medicines are of a certain quality

Question 7

Ideal Dosage Form Qualities

Answer 7

1 dose is a manageable size, palatable, stable, easy to use, reach receptors quickly with minimal side effects, capable of large scale manufacture

Question 8

Different aspects of Drug Stability

Answer 8

Chemical, Microbiological and Physical

Question 9

Chemical Stability Def.

Answer 9

Molecules in drug don’t break down into different shapes. Eg resistance to oxidation

Question 10

Microbiological Stability

Answer 10

No. of micro-organisms/endotoxins must remain the same. Eg eyedrops are sterile

Question 11

Physical Stability

Answer 11

Tablet shouldn’t change state. Eg precipitating of liquid medicine in fridge

Question 12

carboxyl group is sensitive to

Answer 12

water

Question 13

Micromolecule

Answer 13

A molecule less then 500 daltons in size

Question 14

Macromolecule

Answer 14

A molecule greater then 500 Daltons in size

Question 15

Excipients Def.

Answer 15

Non-drug ingrediants added to dosage form ensuring formulation routinely meets ideal qualities .No pharmacological effect

Question 16

Pharmacy & Toxicology

Answer 16

Risk/ benefit association. Interaction of drugs with human body

Question 16

4 Feilds of Pharmacuetical Sciences

Answer 16

Pharmacy & Toxicology, Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry + Pharmaceutics

Question 17

Pharmacognosy

Answer 17

Discovery and use of natural products

Question 18

Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry

Answer 18

Libraries and Archives of past trials

Question 19

Pharmacuetics

Answer 19

Converts drug to dosage form

Question 20

Physicochemical Properties Examples

Answer 20

Water solubility, molecular weight, stability in solid/liquid forms, enzymatic degradation, taeget receptor location + selectivity

Question 21

Potential Barriers to Absorption

Answer 21

Solubility, Permeability, stability

Question 22

Preformulation Science DEf.

Answer 22

determines physical and chemical properties of a drug before it’s formulated. Evaluate bio-availability

Question 23

Formulation Science

Answer 23

Create dosage forms for non-human animals. Includes stages formulation Dev. eg identifyingexcipients + Process Developments Eg state of dosage form

Question 24

Aspects of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology

Answer 24

INdustrial Processes + procedures, unit operation, good manufacturing practice, quality control (eg tablet ability to dissolve), process analytical technology and good lab practice

Question 25

Pharmaceutical Qualative Analysis

Answer 25

what you have. eg drug analysis, excipitent, dosage form and in vivo analysis

Question 26

Pharmaceutical Quantative Analysis

Answer 26

how much you have. Eg stability trsting using RP-HPLC

Question 27

Pharmacology Def.

Answer 27

Study of interaction of drugs with the human body

Question 28

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 28

Pharmacology branch. Effects of drugs on body

Question 29

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 29

Pharmacology branch. Concerned with effects body has on therapeutic drugs

Question 30

Biopharmacuetics DEf.

Answer 30

Study of factors affecting availability of drug + using info to optimise drug pharmacological activity in clinical progression. Studies relationship between drug physiochemical properties with pharmalogical, toxicological and efficacy after dosage form administration

Question 31

Drug Delivery Def,

Answer 31

Specialist area involving delivery system designs for safe and efficacious medicine dosage

Question 32

Regulatory Bodies

Answer 32

Health Products Regulation Agency (Irish, EMA subgroup), European Medicines Agency, Food Drug Administration

Question 33

Pharmacophore Def

Answer 33

Functional group in drug that cell receptors recognise