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Pharmaceutics > Dosage Forms > Flashcards

Dosage Forms Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Ideal Dosage Form Examples

A

1 dose is a manageable size, stable, convenient, release to receptors in timely fashion and palatable

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2
Q

Tablet Def.

A

Solid dosage form containing medicinal substances with/without suitable diluents. Drugs are mixed with other constituents and crushed

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3
Q

Tablet Routes

A

Oral, buccal, sublingual and vaginal

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4
Q

Tablet Physical Form

A

Solid suspension and solid solutions

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5
Q

How course dispersion is controlled

A

intermolecular bonds in powder

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6
Q

Why are tablets so inflexible in dosing

A

Drug isn’t evenly distributed in tablet

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7
Q

Absorption In Oral Cavities

A

rapid disintegration (sublingual), prolonged release (buccal tablet) and multidirectional (buccal)

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8
Q

Why is masking tablet taste important

A

Improving patient acceptance. Use synthetic sweeteners as they are more effective.

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9
Q

What does the coating on a tablet do

A

mask taste and avoid degradation

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10
Q

Max. tablet size for adults

A

500mg

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11
Q

How are tablets retained in mouth

A

Mucoadhesive and Bio-adhesive

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12
Q

Bio-adhesive Function

A

Adhesive binds to cell

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13
Q

Who can not take tablets

A

Children (don’t have strong swallow reflex) and Elderly (swallow reflex, struggle with packaging)

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14
Q

Capsule Def.

A

Solid dosage form consisting of hard/soft shell (gelatin/starch/cellulose) and solid/liquid filling

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15
Q

Capsule Routes

A

Oral, buccal

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16
Q

Capsule Physical Form

A

Solid suspensions/ solutions in shell

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17
Q

How Capsule Shells Effect Dosage Form

A

Mask taste and time lags (longer to dissolve)

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18
Q

Why can’t drug capsules be opened

A

Pharmacological factors have would be altered. Unsafe as new properties weren’t studied

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19
Q

Oral Liquid Dosage Form Def.

A

Fluid dosage form intended for delivery via oral route. Only route is oral

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20
Q

Oral Liquid Dosage Form Physical

A

Liquid, solutions, suspensions, emulsions

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21
Q

Oral Liquid Dosage Form Advantages Over Tablets

A

faster absorption, flexible to dose adjustment and suitable for the elderly

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22
Q

Oral Liquid Dosage Forms Disadvantages To Tablets

A

Less stable (transported as a powder), less palatible (no coating)

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23
Q

Injection Def.

A

Sterile preparation for parenteral (solution, emulsion, suspension or colloidal dispersion)

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24
Q

Injection Routes

A

IV, SC, IM, IU, ID, IA, IP

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25
Pyrogen Def.
Matter of dead bacteria
26
What route of injection can't use suspensions
IV
27
Injection Benefits
Immediate action with susutained release, release can be prolonged depending on dosage form makeup (suspensipon/ oily sol.) /type of admin
28
Injection Disadvantages
Must be kept sterile (expensive, laborous, patient inability), mixing/ dilution causes precipitation, devices are vital
29
Patch Def.
Adhesive (stronger then plaster) applied externally to body. Ingredients move by diffusion/active transport. Both local and systemic
30
Patch Admin Route
Transdermal, needs excipient penetration inhancers. Develops a reservoir on skin. Area covered by patch is proportional to amount of drug administerd at time
31
Patch Physical Form
Non-aqueous solutions/suspensions
32
Patch Benefits
Easy to terminate, contains excess drug to ensure uniform dose, easy to admin
33
Patch Disadvantages
Can be easily incorrectly stored/ thrown out, can be irritant
34
Drops Def.
Solution that is administered in spherical shape. Must be below a certain size as surface tension creates drops of a size that would irritate the eye
35
Surphantics Function
Excipient that reduces effect of surface tension. Allowing for smaller sized drops to be formed (less irritation)
36
Drops Admin Route
Nasal, ocular, otic (in ear)
37
Drops Physical Form
Solutions and Suspensions
38
Drops Dosage form considerations
Isotonic, pH 4.5-8, <10 micro-litres, sterile (preservatives for multidose), frequent dosing necessary
39
What happens when drop irritates eye
Resulting blink removes 90% of dosage form from eye through the nasal-mactraml duct (tasted at back of throat)
40
What is an innovation from eye drops
Solution is removed from container. Once it makes contact with eye solution forms gel
41
Spray Def.
Gas converted to liquid droplets through orifice (eg squeeze bottles). Droplets are big so they don't enter lungs
42
Spray Routes
Nasal, Pulmonary, Otic, Sublingual, Throat
43
Spray Physical Form
Solutions and suspensions
44
3 Forms of Spray Admin
Squeeze bottle, rhinal tube (patient's exhalation produces force), metered dose device (propellent provides force)
45
Nasal Pharmaceutics Dosage Form Considerations
Isotonic, preserved, droplets size is less then 10 micro-meter
46
Suppository Def.
Solid body of various weights and shapes (thin top for easy insert and thick bottom for good retention).
47
Suppository Routes of Admin
Rectal, Urinal, Vaginal
48
Aerosol Def.
Fine solid/liquid dispersed particles in air/gas
49
Aerosol Routes of Admin
Oral cavity, pulmonary, nasal
50
Aerosol Physical Form
Solutions, colloidal dispersion, suspension
51
Dosage Form Considerations
Device used to admin (powder inhaler, meter dose inhaler, nebulisation (aqueous suspensions). Droplet size. Needs to be big enough to deposit on lungs but samll enough to not be caught in bronchioles
52
Multi Dose Inhaler Meachanisms
Canistar has high pressure vapour. Propellent forms liquid. Once acctuater is pushed gas pulls liquid out of orafice dispersing fine droplets in air. fine droplets tend to move together to form a bigger droplet (decraesing surface area exposed to air)
53
Ointment Def.
Semisolid. Contains water, volatiles and hydrocarbons, waxes or polyols as vehicle.
54
Ointment Admin Routes
Topical, ocular, transdermal, nasal, rectal, oral cavity and vaginal
55
Ointment Considerations
Greater drug retention then creams, hydrocarbon based, occlusive (keeps water on skin) and emollient (moisturizing)
56
Cream Def.
Emulsion, semi-solid. Contains water, volatiles and hydrocarbons, waxes or polyols as vehicles
57
Cream Admin
Topical, transdermal, occular, nasal, rectal, vaginal and oral cavity
58
Cream Physical
Emulsion
59
Cream consideration
better patient compliance then ointment, emusifier excipients, low occlusive (water in cream evaporates, reduced using non-volatile solvents) and sensitive to physical instability
60
Gel Def.
Semisolid. Liquid dispersion with stiffening gelling agents. May contain suspended particles
61
Gel Admin
Topical, ocular, transdermal, nasal, rectal, vaginal, oral caity and parenteral
62
Gel Physical
Colloidal Dispersion
63
Gel considerations
Gelling agent excipient, preservation required for physical stability and non-occlusive
64
Solution/molecular dispersion Def.
Substances mixing on the molecular level. All 1 phase (even particle distribution). Transparent and thermodynamically stable. Smallest particle size
65
Colloid/fine dispersion Def
Macromolecules forming bonds with water (too big to be solution) or micromolecules suspended in solution (too small to be suspension). Can scatter lights of certain wavelengths
66
Suspension/Coarse Dispersion Def.
Solid particles disperesed in water, no molecular bonds. Heterogenous. Scatters light and is not thermodynamically stable. Eg emulsion
67
Dosage Form Design Influences
Water solubility + dissolution, lipophilicity, molecular weight, Organoplectic (how it acts on organs) properties, stability, target receptor location, SElectivity and Processing/ manufacturing requirements
68
Steps In Drug Reaching Active Site
Admin, liberation, absorption, distribution and elimination
69
What is the only form drugs can be absorbed in (and thus all processes after)
They have to be in solution
70
Absorption Def
Diffusion of drug across epithelial barrier into blood stream
71
2 Ways of Absorption
Paracellular (between cells) and Transcellular (through cell)
72
Molecular Dispersions (Solutions) Def
Homogenous mix of 2 or more substances. Bonding occurs at molecular level. Particles are smallest (< 1nm). White light passes through
73
Fine Dispersions (Colloid) Def
Micro-heterogenous liquid. Moderate particle size (nanoparticles). Can scatter light of different wavelengths
74
Rough Dispersions (suspensions and emulsions)
Heterogenous liquid
75
Emulsion Def
Coarse dispersion of a liquid dispersed in a continuous liquid phase
76
What it the only form of dispersion that can be pharmacologically active
Molecular. Only one that can be absorbed

Pharmaceutics (33 decks)

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