States of Matter

Question 1

How does gas in surroundings effect drug

Answer 1

Is a molecular dispersion. Can effect storage and integrity of drugs

Question 2

Measurement of solubility

Answer 2

Melting point. The higher the solubility the lower the melting point

Question 3

Enthalpy Def.

Answer 3

Total kinetic energy of system

Question 4

Entropy Def.

Answer 4

Order in shape and structure

Question 5

When is a substance most stable

Answer 5

High entropy, low enthalpy

Question 6

Differences between states of matter

Answer 6

intermolecular bonds, volume and shape

Question 7

Plasma Def.

Answer 7

Ionizable gas

Question 8

Solid and Liquid Classification

Answer 8

Condensed state = fixed volume

Question 9

Gas and Plasma Classification

Answer 9

Free state = no condensed volume

Question 10

Mesophase

Answer 10

Substance that shows both liquid and solid physical characteristics on molecular level. No fixed shape but can’t move like a liquid. 2 Types

Question 11

Nematic Menophase

Answer 11

can move in the vertical plane but no others

Question 12

Sematic Menophase

Answer 12

Can move in the horizontal plane but no others

Question 13

Increase in heat energy in a substance is

Answer 13

Increase of kinetic energy in it’s particles

Question 14

What is higher melting point linked to

Answer 14

Strong molecular bond and low solubility

Question 15

What is increase in solubility linked to

Answer 15

Increase in temp (not thermodynamically stable) (not always)

Question 16

Polarity in substance

Answer 16

water has high polarity (polar) , lipophillic substances have low polarity (non-polar, C and H)

Question 17

Semi-solid

Answer 17

Liquid given a gelling agent (hydrocarbon). Agent forms mesh to trap liquid to stop it flowing free

Question 18

How gas conc. is measured

Answer 18

Pressure

Question 19

Evaporation Def.

Answer 19

Loss of liquid from top of water

Question 20

How to stop gas from degrading drug

Answer 20

Specialised packaging eg thicker, fortified with certin materials

Question 21

Boiling Def.

Answer 21

Loss of liquid throughout substance

Question 22

Crystalline Form (def.)

Answer 22

Repeats of internal structure (patterns exist)

Question 23

Amorphous Form (Def.)

Answer 23

Molecule arrangement with no pattern

Question 24

Bonding in a Molecular Crystal

Answer 24

Solid H-bonding. Difficult to break (requires high energy)

Question 25

Ionic Crystal Bonds

Answer 25

Ionic bonds. Water is highly efficient at separating (H+ for anions, OH- for cations)

Question 26

Metal Crystal Bonds

Answer 26

Covalent. Not soluble in water

Question 27

Covalent crystal bond

Answer 27

Covalent. Not soluble in water

Question 28

Relationship between bond strength, solubility and melting point

Answer 28

Stronger bonds = lower solubility = higher melting/boiling point

Question 29

How water breaks down a substance

Answer 29

Covalent: breaking substance bonds and forming bonds with substance. Ionic: H+ takes anions, OH- takes cations

Question 30

What determines whether something is soluble in water

Answer 30

polarity

Question 31

Relationship between vapour pressure and evaporation

Answer 31

The higher the vapour pressure = the higher propensity to evaporate

Question 32

Vapour Def.

Answer 32

Gaseous substance form that concurrently exists as a liquid/solid (as it's below critical temp)

Question 33

Meter Dose Inhaler Mechanics

Answer 33

High vapour pressure. As actuator opens the gas in the metering valve expands out. This forms a vacumn pulling out liquid dosage form sending out a high velocity. This causes liquid to be disperesed as fine particles (correct size for lungs

Question 34

Propellants Def. and examples

Answer 34

Liquid with a high vapour pressure Eg CFCs or hydrofluoroalkane

Question 35

Vapour Applications

Answer 35

Fragrance (excipient), Decongestant or cough suppressor (therapeutic)

Question 36

Aspirin Physical Desc

Answer 36

transparent/ white crystalline powder. Odourless, bitter tasting. Hydrolysed in moist air giving acetic acid smell

Question 37

NaCl Physical Desc

Answer 37

Transparent/white crystalline powder. Salty taste. May contain CaCl2 or MgCl2 which absorb moisture

Question 38

Ethanol Physical Desc.

Answer 38

Colourless, mobile, volatile liquid. Vinous odour

Question 39

Ferrous \Sulphate Def.

Answer 39

Bluish-green monoclinic (parallelogram prism) crystals/granuels. Odourless witth metallic taste. Oxidises in moist air to foem brownish-yellow coat

Question 40

Glucose Physical Desc.

Answer 40

White powder. Sweet taste. Water absorbant

Question 41

Paracetamol Physical Desc

Answer 41

Colourless crystalline powder. Bitter taste

Question 42

Caffeine Physical Desc

Answer 42

White powder/ glistening needles. Odourless, bitter taste

Question 43

Diazepam Physical Desc

Answer 43

off-white - yellow crystalline powder. Odourless, initially tasteless, bitter after taste

Question 44

Ibuprofen Physical Desc

Answer 44

Colourless, stable crystalline solid. Characteristic odour

Question 45

Castor Oil Physical Desc

Answer 45

Pale yellow to transparent viscous, stable liquid. Tastes acrid with nauseating after taste. Stable unless excessively heated

Question 46

White Soft Paraffin Physical Desc

Answer 46

Viscous, oily, translucent semisolid. Odourless and tasteless