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Intro to Pediatrics Flashcards

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1
Q

Infancy stage of development?

A

0-1 year

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2
Q

Neonatal stage of development?

A

O - 2 weeks

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3
Q

Infant Stage of development

A

3 weeks - 1 year

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4
Q

Toddlerhood Stage of development

A

13m - 2y 11 M

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5
Q

Early childhood Stage of development

A

3 years - 10 years, 11 M

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6
Q

Preschool stages development Stage of development

A

3yrs - 5 yrs

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7
Q

Elementary school stages of development

A

5 yrs - 10yr, 11 m

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8
Q

Adolescence stages of development

A

11 yrs - 18 yrs

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9
Q

Young adulthood stages of development

A

18 - 22yrs

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10
Q

Adulthood stages of development?

A

22-40yrs

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11
Q

Middle age stages of development?

A

40-65 yrs

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12
Q

Late adulthood stages of development?

A

65+ yrs

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13
Q

Infancy (erikson)

A

0-l yr / trust vs. Mistrust
Resolved by: Hope

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14
Q

Early childhood (erikson)

A

1-3 yrs / autonomy vs. shame
Resolved by: will

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15
Q

Play Age (erikson)

A

3-6 yrs/ Initiative vs. Guilt
Resolved by: Purpose

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16
Q

School age (erikson)

A

6-12 yrs /industry vs. Inferiority
Resolved by: Competence

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17
Q

Adolescence (erikson)

A

12-19 yrs / identity vs, role confusion
Resolved by: Fidelity

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18
Q

Early adulthood (erikson)

A

20-25 yrs / intimacy vs. Isolation
Resolved by: Love

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19
Q

Adulthood (Erikson)

A

26-64yrs / generavity vs. Stagnation
Resolved by: Care

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20
Q

Old Age (erikson)

A

65+/ego integrity vs. Despair
Resolved by: Wisdom

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21
Q

Role of Play

A

-main occupation of child
-acquisition of normal development

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22
Q

Role of Family

A

-families have greatest influence on child’s development
-child’s care will impact all family
-caregivers
-Home environment
-Culture

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23
Q

ICF Model

A

-International classification of functioning disability in health

-Body Structures/Functions
-Health Conditions
-Activities
-Participation
-Environment
-Personal Factors

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24
Q

Evidence-Based Practice (4 elements)

A

-Patient/family situation
-Clinical expertise
-Research

4 Elements:
-awareness
-Consultation
-Judgement
-Creativity

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25
Examination
-the process of obtaining data 1. Hx 2. Systems review 3. Tests and measures
26
Evaluation
-making clinical judgments based on exam
27
Diagnosis
-process and end result to organize daa to determine syndromes/categories to determine prognosis and interventions
28
Prognosis
-includes Plan of care: specifies interventions, timing and frequency -determination of level of improvement possible with interventions -improves full collaboration
29
Intervention
-purposeful and skilled interaction of PTto produce changes consistent with diagnosis and prognosis
30
Factors affecting Interventions
-age -growth -chronicity or severity -comorbidities -degree of limitations -level of cognition and cooperation -family desires -caregiver abilities -resources -other services -community support, psychosocial, and socioeconomic factors
31
Outcomes
-results of interventions -Based on 1. goal achievement 2. Improved performance 3. Satisfaction 4. Prevention of secondary problems
32
Positive Support/Primary Standing Reflex
Appears: 35w gestation Integrates: 1-2 m Stimulus: feet on flat surface Response: Ext legs and accept weight for a few seconds
33
Support & Stepping/Automatic Walking Reflex
Appears: 37 weeks gestation Integrates: 3-4 months (reappears at 10-15 months to prep for walking) Stimulus: Feet flat on surface Response: Attempts steps
34
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
Appears: 20 weeks gestation Integrates: 4-5 months Stimulus: in supine, head rotates Response: ipsi arm and leg EXT, contra arm and leg FLX If retained: have difficulties with motor skills like running, cycling, throwing, and catching balls
35
Tonic Labyrinth Reflex
Appears: At birth (best seen at 3m) Integrates: 6 months Stimulus: Prone laying or supine laying Response: Prone= FLX tone in all limbs; Supine= EXT tone in all limbs If retained: have difficulties with motor skills like running, cycling, throwing, and catching balls
36
Upper Extremity Parachute
Emerges: 6 to 7 months. -Protection of head when positioned head first, symmetrical arm extension and abduction
37
Anterior Protective Extension
Emerges: 6 to 9 months, -hand go in front to catch in sitting -first protective extension
38
Lateral protective extension
Emergence: 6 to 9 months -put arm out laterally in sitting -emerges after anterior
39
Posterior protective extension
Emergence: 9-11 months -catch from fall backward in sitting -last to emerge
40
Gestation Time w/ Development
First Trimester: 1-12 weeks -all major body systems Second Trimester: 13-26 weeks -body proportions grow to newborn proportions Third Trimester: 27-40 weeks -body weight triples and body length doubles -body fat accumulates to aid in body temp regulation -lungs developed at 36 weeks
41
STORCH
-Syphilis -Toxoplasmosis -Other infections -Rubella -CMV -Herpes simplex
42
Typical Development
Dependent on: NS, genetics, environment Direction: cephalo-caudal, proximal to distal, gross motor to fine motor
43
Newborn Overview
-38-42 weeks (not premature until 37, extreme at 28) -head larger -kyphosis with horizontal ribs -ROM differences: inc DF, 30deg flx contractions of hip and knees -Need to breathe, suck, and swallow -Vision best at 8-9 inches, prefer strong contrast
44
Newborn Positions
Prone: UE and LE flexion, head turned with weight-bearing Supine: UE flexion, LE flexion/abd/ER, head turned with weight-bearing Pull to sit: head lag Sitting: head forward w/ no control, C curve throughout spine
45
Primitive Reflexes
-involuntary movements that become controlled motor responses -If they are retained they will struggle with motor and cognitive skills
46
Flexor Withdrawl Reflex
Appears: 28 weeks gestation Integrates: 1-2m Stimulus: noxious stimulus to sole of foot Response: Flexion withdrawal of leg
47
Crossed Extension Reflex
Appears: 28 weeks gestation Integrates: 1-2 months Stimulus: Noxious stimulus to sole of foot Response: FLX of ipsi leg and then EXT of contra with ADD
48
Rooting
Appears: 28 weeks gestation Integrates: 3 months Stimulus: stroking cheek Response: turns towards stimulus
49
Sucking
Appears: 28 weeks gestation Integrates: 3 months Stimulus: nipple in mouth Response: sucks
50
Suck-Swallow
Appears: 28-34 weeks gestation Integrates: 5 months (becomes voluntary) Stimulus: nipple in mouth Response: rhythmic excursion of jaw
51
Moro Reflex
Appears: 28 weeks gestation Integrates: 3-5 months Stimulus: Sudden change in head ext in relation to trunk Response: crying, shoulder flx/abd, elbow ext (out then in)
52
Palmar Grasp Reflex
Appears: 25-28 weeks gestation Integrates: 4-7 months Stimulus: Maintained mechanical stimulus to palm Response: grasp; -signifies cortical maturation -weak reflex common with spastic cerebral palsy -Reappearance can signify cortical lesion
53
Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
-Upper body in sync, LE opp Appears: 4 to 6m Integrates: 8 to 12m Stimulus: Head flexion or extension Response: -Head flx: arms FLX, hips EXT -Head ext: arms EXT, hips FLX
54
Plantar Grasp Reflex
Appears: 28 weeks gestation Integrates: 9 months Stimulus: Pressure at sole of foot distal to met heads Response: FLX of toes
55
Galant Reflex
Appears: 28 weeks gestation Integrates: 3-6 months Stimulus: Stroking down lateral trunk Response: IPSI lat side bend toward stimulus If retained past 9 Months: can cause fidgeting or inability to sit still
56
Head Righting
-present at birth, strongest 3 months -when tilted to the side and child will move their head to a vertical position -flexion of the trunk
57
Landau Response
Appears: 3-5 months Integrates: 12 months -in prone horizontal suspension, head and LE and head extend -when head flexes, LE flex
58
Righting Reactions
-organized in midbrain -act of realigning the head or trunk together or to an outside stimulus
59
Equilibrium
-act of re-establishing balance
60
Anterior Righting
Emerges: 9 Months -in sitting, pull gently at shoulders -ext head and arms forward to recover balance
61
Prematurity
Before 37 Weeks
62
Extreme Prematurity
Before 28 weeks
63
Very Low Birth Weigh
<1500g

Pediatrics (16 decks)

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