Orthopedics

Question 1

Newborn Diagnoses

Answer 1

-Clubfoot
-Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC)
-CP
-Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency

Question 2

Childhood Disorders

Answer 2

-Shin Splints
-Relaspsing Clubfoot
-CP

Question 3

Adolescent Disorders

Answer 3

-CP
-Regional Pain Syndrome
-EDS
-Sports Medicine

Question 4

Connective Tissue Disorders

Answer 4

-EDS
-Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
-Hemophilia

Question 5

Bone Disorders

Answer 5

-Legg Calve Perthes
-Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
-OI
-Clubfoot
-Blount DIsease (tibia varria)
-Epiphyseal Fx
-Scoliosis
-DDH

Question 6

Arrthrohryposis Multiplex Congenita

Answer 6

-congential tightening of connective tissues thatt stiffen joints
-deficits in motor units = fetal weakness
-Pterygium: triangular membrane with shortness of skin and tissues on back of leg

S/s:
-normal cognition
-long face
-bent joints
-weakness
-normal trunk strength

Tx:
-casting/splinting
-ROM/stretching
-education

Question 7

Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine Society (PRISM)

Answer 7

-lead research and education to advance pediatric and adolescent sports medicine

Question 8

Inc Risk of Injury During Sports

Answer 8

Sport Specialization:
-neurromuscular contol improves

Rapid Growth:
-Girls: 10-12; Boys: 12-14
-dec coordination

Inc Training Volume:
->16 hours a week increases risk of overuse injuries

Question 9

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: RED-S

Answer 9

-impaired physiologic function causes by relative enegy deficiency
-common in sports requiring low body weight
-Menstration, metabolism, bone health, immunity, protein synthesis, CV health, dec strength, fatigue, physcological stress
-screen for Pts with recurrent injurries (Stress fx)

Tx:
-restore menstration through diet modification

Question 10

RED-S High Risk

Answer 10

-anorexia
-other medical conditions
-extreme weight loss techniques

Implicatitons:
-no competition
-supervised traininig after medical clearance

Question 11

RED-S Medium Risk

Answer 11

-prolonged atrypical body fat %
-weight loss
-abnormal menstration
-reduced BMD
-disordered eating

Implications:
-may compete after clearance
-train with treatment plan

Question 12

Femoroacetabular Impingement

Answer 12

-decreased ROM due to alterred aliginment of femoral head and acetabulum
-seen in atthletes with a lot of hip ROM

Cam Impingement:
-related to femoral head and neck morphology
-early contact
-damages labrum

Pincer Impingement:
-acetabular abnormalities

S/s:
-Anterior-lateral hip pain
-Posterior: FABER/FADIR positioning
pain
-trendelenburg
-limited ROM

Question 13

Legg-Calve-Perthes

Answer 13

Age: 2-8yrs
-avascular necrosis

S/s: gradual onset, ache in hip

Observation: short limb, higher g troch, quad atrophy, adductor spasm

ROM: limited abd and ext

Intervention: ROM and positioning

Question 14

Slipped Femoral Capital Epiphysis

Answer 14

Age: 10-16 yrs males MC, 8-15yrs female
-ice cream falling off cone

S/s:
-gradual onset, vague pain
-loss of IR/ADD hip
-knee pain

Gait: antalgic acutely, Trendelenburg chronically

Question 15

Legg Calve Perthes

Answer 15

-childhood (3-12) disorder of necrosis of femoral head
-can lead to FAI

S/s:
-limping or trendelenburg
-hip pain
-Hip IR/ABD typically limited

Question 16

Femoral Neck Stress Fx

Answer 16

-common deep hipp ppain w/ weightbearing
-RED-S

Question 17

Acetabular Labral Pathology

Answer 17

-intra-aticular clicking and catching
-common in athelete at excessive ROMs or overrotation

Question 18

Shin Splints

Answer 18

Cause:
-hyperponation of subtalar
-weak core and hip muscles
-Impaired flexibility of triceps surae

Tight gastroc: mid foot pronation