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SLP > Intro To SLP- Ch 1, 2, 3 > Flashcards

Intro To SLP- Ch 1, 2, 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Communication

A

An exchange of meaning between a sender and a receiver

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2
Q

Language

A

Words, sentences, and texts that are used to convey ideas and feelings

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3
Q

Impairment

A

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomic structure or function

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4
Q

Disability

A

Reduced competence in meeting daily living needs

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5
Q

Communication disorder

A

Any communication structure or function that is diminished to a significant degree

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6
Q

Handicap

A

A social, educational, or occupational disadvantage that is related to an impairment or disability

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7
Q

Communication difference

A

Communication abilities that differ from those usually encountered in the mainstream culture even though there is no evidence of impairment

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8
Q

Organic

A

Disorders that have a physical cause

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9
Q

Functional

A

Disorders for which a physical cause cannot be identified

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10
Q

Developmental disorders

A

Delays in speech and language development that occur in the maturation of the individual but may continue into adulthood

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11
Q

Acquired disorders

A

Speech and language disorders resulting from brain trauma following an accident or stroke, often occurring after communication skills have been fully developed

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12
Q

Incidence

A

Percentage of the population that experienced a disorder during their lifetime

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13
Q

Prevalence

A

Percentage of individuals with a disorder at a particular point in time

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14
Q

Articulation disorder

A

Problems with the production of speech sounds

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15
Q

Fluency disorder

A

Unusual interruption in the flow of speaking, an atypical rhythm and rate and an unusual number of sounds and syllable repetitions

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16
Q

Phonatory disorder

A

Abnormalities in the vocal fold vibration that yield changed in loudness, pitch, or quality

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17
Q

Resonance disorder

A

Problems closing the opening between the nose and the mouth during production of speech sounds

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18
Q

Dementia

A

General mental deterioration resulting from a pathological deterioration of the brain that progresses and worsens over time

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19
Q

Unilateral

A

One ear

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20
Q

Bilateral

A

Two ears

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21
Q

Discrimination

A

Hearing differences between sounds

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22
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Sounds waves are prevented from moving through the outer ear canal, the tympanic membrane or eardrum, or the middle ear ossicles

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23
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Result of dysfunction in the cochlear or eighth cranial nerve that prevents the sound waves from being transformed into signals that may be interpreted by the brain

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24
Q

Speech production

A

How words and sentences are spoken

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25
Symbolic language
The form and content of what is said and understood
26
Audiologist
Professionals who study, assess, and treat individuals who have hearing impairments
27
Otology
Medical specialty that deals with ear disease and the peripheral hearing mechanism
28
ASHA
American Speech-Language Hearing Association
29
AAA
American Academy of Audiology
30
Licensure
Fully credentialed SLPs and audiologists as defined by an individual state
31
Certification
Standards are developed and administered by professional organizations or state agencies
32
Accreditation
A procedure that recognizes educational institutions or facilities providing services to the public as maintaining and conforming to necessary standards
33
CCC
Certificate of Clinical Competence; certificate issued by ASHA in either SLP or audiology that affirms the individual has met the minimal standards for practice in the profession
34
CEU
Continuing Education Units; ASHA requires that professionals complete 30 hours of this in a 36 month cycles to maintain the CCC
35
Ethics
Principles of conduct governing an individual or a group
36
Communication
Any exchange of meaning between a sender and a receiver
37
Language
Standard set of symbols (sounds or letters) and the knowledge about how to combine those symbols into words, sentences, and texts in order to convert ideas and feelings
38
Phonemes
Sounds of a language that cause changes in meaning
39
Manner of articulation
The different ways that speakers can block airflow through the oral cavity using different types of constrictions
40
Place of articulation
Another way of modifying speech sounds is to produce blockages in different places in the oral cavity
41
Voicing
Voiced sounds are produced with vibration of the vocal folds and voiceless sounds are produced withe the vocal cords open
42
Syllables
Units of speech that consist of consonants and vowels
43
Vowels
Central component of the nucleus around which the rest of the syllable is constructed
44
Language content
Component of language that related to meaning
45
Semantics
Linguistic representation of objects, ideas, feelings, and events, as well as the relations among these phenomena
46
Lexicon
Mental dictionary of words
47
Language form
Structure of language; involves 3 linguistic systems: phonology, morphology, and syntax
48
Phonology
The study of the sounds we use to make words
49
Morphology
The internal organization of words
50
Free morpheme
Morpheme that can stand alone as a word
51
Bound morpheme
Grammatical tags or markers in English
52
Syntax
The linguistic conventions for organizing word order; "grammar"
53
Language use
Concerns the goals of language and the ways we choose between alternative combinations of words and sentences
54
Pragmatics
Sociolinguistic conventions; help us decide what to say to whom, how to say it, and when to say it; "use"
55
Babbling
Infant's language when they combine different consonants and vowels and string sets of different syllables together in a way that has a speech like quality
56
Canonical babbling
Around the age of 7 months, infants start to use their voice to make syllable like strings
57
Reduplicated babbling
In babbling when they produce rhythmic syllables over and over
58
Variegated babbling
In babbling when they combine different syllables
59
Expressive jargon
When babbling starts to take on adult like intonation patterns which sounds like statements and questions with the exception that none of the strings of syllables are recognizable words
60
Story grammar
Similar sequence children use in fictional stories that include a setting, one or more episodes, narration including the main character's motive to take an action (initiating event), what actions the character the main character took in response to the initiating event (attempts), and what was the result of the action (consequences)
61
Metaphors
Expressions in which words that usually designate one thing are used to designate another
62
Idioms
Expressions that have literal and figurative meanings
63
Phonological processes
Producing words more accurately; production of complex words or in the production of words containing sounds that are late to be acquired
64
Phonological awareness
In late preschool years and early school age years, children become aware of and start to mentally manipulate the sound structure of the words they say and hear; critically important for learning to read
65
Genres
Personal accounts, mysteries, science fiction, horror stories, etc
66
Culture
Set of beliefs and assumptions shared by a group of people that guide how individuals think, act, and interact on a daily basis; constantly changing
67
Socialization
Process by which an individual learns his or her own culture
68
Acculturation
Process by which the individuals learns or adapts to another culture
69
Mismatch
Refers to the mismatch between child socialization and expectations for home language interactions and school language interactions
70
Basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS)
Language proficiency at a level that requires low cognitive load in situations that are highly contextualized; second language learners take from 1-3 years to learn face-to-face communication
71
Decontextualized language
Language learning environment devoid of significant nonverbal of contextual cues to assist meaning
72
Cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP)
Language proficiency at a,eve, that requires high cognitive load in situations that are decontextualized
73
Communicative demands
Expectations of a specific language interaction
74
Dialect
Variation of a language that is spoken by people from a particular geographic area
75
Accent
Particular nonnative stress on syllables in words which often connotes the influence of a second language
76
Grammatical patterns
Rule governed organization of words in sentences
77
Jim Crow segregation
The legalized segregation (from about 1900-1960s) barring African Americans from public and social interaction with whites
78
Code switching
Ability to use AAE in some settings but not in others, or to vary its usage throughout an event
79
Bilingual
Individuals who can speak and understand two languages
80
Elective bilingual
People who have studied a foreign language by choice
81
Circumstantial bilingual
Someone who learns another language because they are living in that environment
82
Simultaneous bilinguals
People who are exposed to two languages from birth
83
Sequential bilinguals
People who learn a second language when they go to school or become an adult

SLP (10 decks)

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