Phonetics- Ch 4

Question 1

Vowels

Answer 1

Phonemes that are produced without any appreciable constriction or blockage of air flow in the vocal tract

Question 2

Tongue height

Answer 2

How high or low in the oral cavity the tongue is when producing a particular vowel

Question 3

Tongue advancement

Answer 3

How far forward or backward in the mouth the tongue is when producing a particular vowel

Question 4

Vowel quadrilateral

Answer 4

Two dimensional figure representing tongue height and tongue advancement that displays the relative position of the tongue during vowel production

Question 5

Rounded

Answer 5

Rounded lip position during vowel production

Question 6

Unrounded

Answer 6

Spread or retracted lip position during vowel production

Question 7

Tense

Answer 7

Description of a vowel produced with an increased muscular effort; can be located in the final position of an open monosyllable; generally longer in duration

Question 8

Lax

Answer 8

Vowel produced with a reduction in muscular effort; does not appear in the final position of an open monosyllable

Question 9

Monophthongs

Answer 9

One vowel sound; vowel phoneme consisting of one distinct articulatory element

Question 10

Diphthongs

Answer 10

Vowel sounds that have two distinct articulatory positions; the first is termed the onglide and the second is the offglide

Question 11

Onglide

Answer 11

First element in a diphthong

Question 12

Offglide

Answer 12

Second element of a diphthong; produced at a higher position in the oral cavity than the onglide

Question 13

Point vowels

Answer 13

One of four extreme corner vowels of the quadrilateral

Question 14

/i/

Answer 14

/i/ as in keep
High 
Front
Unrounded
Tense

Question 15

/ɪ/

Answer 15

/ɪ/ as in hit
High (lower than /i/)
Front 
Unrounded
Lax

Question 16

R-colored vowel or rhotic diphthong

Answer 16

Speech sound consisting of the two elements: vowel + /r/ ; for example hear and ear

Question 17

Rhotacization

Answer 17

Production of a phoneme with an /r/ auditory quality

Question 18

/e/

Answer 18

/e/ as in rebate 
High-mid
Front
Unrounded 
Tense 
Syllable that contain the vowel do not receive primary stress

Question 19

/eɪ/

Answer 19

/eɪ/ as in state 
Allophone of /e/
High-mid
Front 
Unrounded 
Tense
Syllables are stressed or at end of a word

Question 20

/ɛ/

Answer 20

/ɛ/ as in led
Low-mid
Front 
Unrounded
Lax

Question 21

/æ/

Answer 21

/æ/ as in mat 
Low
Front
Unrounded
Lax

Question 22

/u/

Answer 22

/u/ as in toot 
High
Back 
Rounded 
Tense

Question 23

/ʊ/

Answer 23

/ʊ/ as in look 
Upsilon 
High
Back
Rounded
Lax

Question 24

/o/

Answer 24

/o/ as in obese 
High mid
Back 
Rounded 
Tense 
Syllables that contain a vowel that are not stressed

Question 25

/oʊ/

Answer 25

``` /oʊ/ as in vote High mid Back Rounded Tense Syllables that are stressed or at the end of a word ```

Question 26

/ɔ/

Answer 26

``` /ɔ/ as in dawn Low mid Back Rounded Tense ```

Question 27

/ɑ/

Answer 27

``` /ɑ/ as in not Low Back Unrounded Tense ```

Question 28

/ə/

Answer 28

``` /ə/ as in alone Schwa Mid Central Unrounded Lax Unstressed syllables ```

Question 29

/ʌ/

Answer 29

``` /ʌ/ as in but Caret Low mid Back central Unrounded Lax Stressed syllables Does not end words ```

Question 30

/ɚ/

Answer 30

``` /ɚ/ as in perhaps Schwar Mid Central Rounded Lax Unstressed syllable ```

Question 31

/ɚ/

Answer 31

``` /ɚ/ as in perhaps Schwar Mid Central Rounded Lax Unstressed syllables ```

Question 32

/ɝ/

Answer 32

``` /ɝ/ as in heard Retroflex Mid Central Rounded Tense Stressed syllables ```

Question 33

/aɪ/

Answer 33

/aɪ/ as in buy

Question 34

/ɔɪ/

Answer 34

/ɔɪ/ as in toy

Question 35

/aʊ/

Answer 35

/aʊ/ as in sour

Question 36

Phonation

Answer 36

Vibration of the vocal folds in creation of a voiced sound