Phonetics- Ch 3

Question 1

Thoracic cavity

Answer 1

Chest cavity; during inhalation it expands in order to make room for the expansion of the lungs; part of the human body between the head/neck and the abdomen

Question 2

Diaphragm

Answer 2

Major muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity; it lowers during inhalation

Question 3

External intercostal muscles

Answer 3

Muscles located between the ribs that aid in inhalation; superficial to the internal intercostals

Question 4

Sternum

Answer 4

The breast bone

Question 5

Negative pressure

Answer 5

As the lungs expand, the pressure in the lungs becomes less than the air pressure in the environment; a drop in air pressure

Question 6

Internal intercostal muscles

Answer 6

Rib cage becomes smaller as it lowers due to the relaxation of the inhalation muscles and the contraction of these muscles; located between the ribs but deep (beneath) the external intercostals; aid in exhalation

Question 7

Trachea

Answer 7

Windpipe; connects the lungs with the larynx; a tube comprised of cartilaginous rings embedded in muscle tissues

Question 8

Larynx

Answer 8

Voice box ; composed mainly of muscle and cartilage; attached inferiorly (below) the trachea and superiorly (above) to a “floating” bone known as the hyoid bone; responsible for phonation

Question 9

Hyoid bone

Answer 9

“Floating” bone; only bone in the human body that does not attach to another bone; has muscle attachments to the tongue and to the mandible; provides structural support for the larynx

Question 10

Mandible

Answer 10

Lower jaw

Question 11

Vocal folds or vocal cords

Answer 11

Elastic folds of tissue, primary composed of muscle

Question 12

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 12

Most anterior cartilage of the larynx to which the vocal folds attach; the notch of this forms the “Adam’s apple”

Question 13

Arytenoid cartilage

Answer 13

Paired cartilages of the larynx that attach to the superior portion of the cricoid cartilage; each vocal fold attaches to one arytenoid cartilage

Question 14

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 14

Most inferior to the cartilage of the larynx; encircles the larynx; looks somewhat like a class ring with the band facing anterior lay and the rings feature’s facing posteriorly

Question 15

Glottis

Answer 15

Space between the vocal folds

Question 16

Subglottal pressure

Answer 16

Air pressure applied to the inferior surface of the vocal folds (glottis); the air pressure necessary to blow the vocal folds apart

Question 17

Bernoulli effect

Answer 17

Drop in air pressure, created by an increase in airflow through a constriction; helps explain vocal fold adduction

Question 18

Phonation

Answer 18

Vibration of the vocal folds in creation of a vocal sound

Question 19

Voiced

Answer 19

Phoneme produced with vocal fold vibration

Question 20

Voiceless

Answer 20

Phoneme produced without vocal fold vibration

Question 21

Abduction

Answer 21

Vocal folds remain apart to allow air to flow from the lungs through the glottis to the oral and nasal cavities; movement of the vocal folds away from the midline (closed) position

Question 22

Adduction

Answer 22

When producing voiced phonemes the vocal folds are brought together; movement of the vocal folds toward the midline (closed) position

Question 23

Fundamental frequency

Answer 23

Basic rate of vibration of the vocal folds

Question 24

Habitual pitch

Answer 24

Inherent voice pitch; fundamental frequency of a given individual

Question 25

Epiglottis

Answer 25

Cartilaginous structure that protects the larynx; diverts food away from the trachea and toward the esophagus

Question 26

Monotone

Answer 26

One tone; rarely change the pitch of their voice

Question 27

Supralaryngeal system

Answer 27

Anatomical structures over the larynx; structures include the pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and the articulators; "the filter"

Question 28

Vocal tract

Answer 28

Network consisting of the larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity

Question 29

Eustachian tube

Answer 29

Narrow passage leading from the pharynx to the cavity of the middle ear permitting the equalization of pressure on each side of the eardrum

Question 30

Nares

Answer 30

Nostrils

Question 31

Respiratory system

Answer 31

Energy source

Question 32

Laryngeal system

Answer 32

Voice system; consists primarily of the larynx

Question 33

Nasal cavity

Answer 33

Begins at the nostrils and continues to the nasopharyngeal

Question 34

Oral cavity

Answer 34

Mouth; begins at the lips and continues to posteriorly to the oropharynx

Question 35

Laryngopharynx

Answer 35

Portion of the larynx adjoining the pharynx

Question 36

Nasopharynx

Answer 36

Adjacent to the posterior portion of the nasal cavity

Question 37

Oropharynx

Answer 37

Adjacent to the posterior posterior portion of the oral cavity

Question 38

Articulation

Answer 38

Modification of airstream by the speech organs in production of spoken language; "to join together"

Question 39

Maxilla

Answer 39

Upper jaw

Question 40

Mandible

Answer 40

Supports the lower lip; quite active in speech production

Question 41

Labial

Answer 41

Phonemes associated with the lips

Question 42

Bilabial

Answer 42

Phonemes produced with a constriction involving both lips

Question 43

Central incisors

Answer 43

Four front teeth located in both the upper and lower jaws

Question 44

Labiodental

Answer 44

Consonant produced with a constriction formed by the lower lip and upper central incisors; ex /f/ and /v/

Question 45

Dental or interdental

Answer 45

Phonemes produced by placing the tongue tip between the teeth; ex th words

Question 46

Alveolar ridge

Answer 46

Gum ridge of the maxilla located directly behind the upper front teeth containing the sockets of the teeth

Question 47

Alveolar

Answer 47

Consonant produced with a constriction formed by the tongue apex or blade and the alveolar ridge; ex /t, d, n, s, z, l/

Question 48

Hard palate or palate

Answer 48

Bony structure located posterior to the alveolar ridge; roof of the mouth; separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

Question 49

Palatal

Answer 49

Consonant produced with a constriction formed by the tongue blade and the hard palate

Question 50

Velum

Answer 50

Another name for the soft palate; muscular structure located directly posterior to the hard palate

Question 51

Velar sounds

Answer 51

Consonant produced with a constriction formed by the back of the tongue and the velum; ex /k, g, ng/

Question 52

Uvula

Answer 52

Rounded, tab like fleshy structure located at the posterior tip of the velum

Question 53

Velopharyngeal closure

Answer 53

Constriction formed by the velum and the rear wall of the pharynx resulting in a diversion of the airstream into the oral cavity

Question 54

Oral phonemes

Answer 54

Phonemes produced with a raised (closed) velum

Question 55

Nasal phoneme

Answer 55

Phonemes produced with the velum lowered because the breath stream also flows into the nasal cavity during their production

Question 56

Glottal

Answer 56

Phoneme produced at the level of the vocal folds; ex /h/

Question 57

Lingual sounds

Answer 57

Sounds produced with the tongue

Question 58

Tongue root

Answer 58

Portion of the tongue that attaches to the anterior wall of the pharynx and to the mandible

Question 59

Tongue tip

Answer 59

Apex of the tongue

Question 60

Tongue blade

Answer 60

Part of the tongue located just posterior to the tip

Question 61

Tongue dorsum

Answer 61

Body of the tongue comprised primarily of the front and the back, also the back of the tongue

Question 62

Resonance

Answer 62

Vibratory properties of any sound producing body

Question 63

Quality

Answer 63

Perceptual character of a sound based on its acoustic resonance patterns

Question 64

Timbre

Answer 64

Synonym often used for sound quality