Intro to Structure and Function Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Intro to Structure and Function Deck (15)
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1
Q

How is homeostasis maintained?

A

Organ systems work together to maintain

2
Q

homeostasis-

A

maintenance of stable internal conditions

3
Q

Negative feedback-

A

reduces or shuts off certain stimulus. Receptor senses a change, Control center (brain) evaluates the change, Effector corrects the condition. ex–muscle
look up at light and pupils constrict

4
Q

Positive feedback-

A

intensifies a stimulus. ex–childbirth, lactation,

5
Q

Ectotherms/ poikilotherms-

A

cold-blooded. obtain body heat from environment, therefore, their body temperature changes with a changing environment. fish, amphibians, reptiles.

6
Q

Endotherms/ homeotherms-

A

warm-blooded. generate their own body heat and are able to maintain stable internal temperature

7
Q

hypothalamus

A

The hypothalamus is a section of the mammalian brain that contains centers that help control the body temperature

8
Q

Peripheral vasodilation-

A

diameter of blood vessels in skin increases, bringing more heat to the skin that can be given up to surroundings

9
Q

Heat stress causes the following

A

Peripheral vasodilation, Evaporative heat loss, panting

10
Q

Evaporative heat loss-

A

sweating produces liquid on the surface of the skin that uses heat to cause its evaporation, cooling the body

11
Q

Panting-

A

shallow, rapid breathing that causes evaporative heat loss from the mouth, respiratory tract, and
nasal cavity

12
Q

Peripheral vasoconstriction-

A

hypothalamus signals arterioles in skin to contract, causing less blood (with less metabolic heat) to reach the body surfaces

13
Q

cold stress causes the following

A

Peripheral vasoconstriction, Pilomotor response, shivering

14
Q

Pilomotor response-

A

hair or feather stand up, creating a layer of still air next to skin. This reduces heat loss

15
Q

shivering

A

hypothalamus tells skeletal muscles to contract ten to twenty times each second, increasing heat production as a waste product