Biology
study of life
atom
smallest unit of matter
molecule
2+ joined atoms
molecules of life include
Carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
molecules of life
made by all living things and only living things
cell
smallest unit that can live and reproduce alone
tissue
organized cells that interact together to perform a specific job or function
type of tissue: blood
connective
examples of tissues
epithelial, muscle, connective
organ
made of two+ tissues interacting to perform a specific job or function
organ system
organs interacting, physically, chemically or both in a task.
multicellular organism
individual made of different types of cells
population
group of single or multi celled individuals of same species occupying specific area
community
all populations of all species occupying specific area
Ecosystem
community interacting w its environment
biosphere
all regions of earth’s waters, crust and atmosphere that hold organisms
how many species are named?
1.8million
how many species likely exist?
100million
who invented 2pt naming system
carolus linnaeus
two part naming system
genus + species
genus
grouping of species w certain traits in common
Groupings
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
three domains
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
prokaryotic kingdoms
bacteria and archaea
what were the prokaryotic kingdoms originally grouped as?
monera
eukaryotic kingdoms
eukarya
Eukarya
protists, fungi, plants, animals
spot where life branches off in tree
most recent common ancestor
Which of the two (prokaryotes or eukaryotes) have a nucleus
eukaryotes
where is prokaryotic dna contained
freefloating instead of nuclear membrane
Which of the two (prokaryotes or eukaryotes) has a smaller cell?
Prokaryotic have smaller and simpler cells, while eukaryotic larger and many live as multicellular
Which of the two (prokaryotes or eukaryotes) have membrane bound organelles?
eukaryotes
Which of the two (prokaryotes or eukaryotes) have cell membranes?
both
Which of the two (prokaryotes or eukaryotes) have cytoplasm?
both
Which of the two (prokaryotes or eukaryotes) have ribosomes?
both
ribosomes produce…
protein
examples of prokaryotes
bacteria
first step scientific method
identify problem
second step scientific method
develop hypothesis and make prediction (if/then statement)
hypothesis
testable explanation of process
prediction
statement of what you should find in nature
third step scientific method
experiment
experiment
test carried out under controlled conditions and manipulated by researchers
fourth step scientific method
repeat the tests/devise new ones if hypothesis went through. if not, go back to step 2.
fifth step scientific method
analyze/report test results and conclusion
scientific theory
hypothesis not disproved over course of years–researchers can’t find evidence disproving it, low probability of being wrong
Components of experiment
variable, independent and dependent, control group, quantitative reports
variable
feature of object/event may differ over time
independent variable
x, input, feature that experimenter manipulates
dependent variable
y, output, feature affected by x
diversity in life
way in which we function
unity in life
cells, DNA, life functions
Big Idea 1
process of evolution drives diversity and unity of life
What drives evolution?
natural selection
natural selection
organisms best adapted to their environment are the only ones tht survive
Energy
capacity to do work
Big Idea 2
Biological systems use free energy + molecular building blocks to grow, reproduce, + maintain dynamic homeostasis
Big Idea 3
Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to info essential to life processes thru DNA
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid that holds info about building proteins
proteins use
structural + functional roles vital to survival
where does the organism inherit DNA
parents
how do parents transmit DNA to offspring
reproduction
Big Idea 4
Bio systems interact, and these systems + their interactions possess complex properties
how do organisms sense and respond to changes
receptors
receptors
structures that detect stimuli
stimuli
specific kinds of energy, pressure, light, heat, sound
graph components
Title
b. The independent variable (X-axis)
c. The dependant variable (Y-axis)
d. Scale for each variable
e. Legend (or key)
