Introduction Flashcards
what are the three domains?
bacteria, archaea, eukaryota
eukaryotes vs prokaryotes:
-cell arrangement?
-cell wall vs no cell wall for plants, mushrooms animals?
-photosynthetic
cell arrangement:
-eukaryotes are single (protista) and multi celled (plants, mushrooms animals) while prokaryotes are single celled (archaea and bacteria)
-yes cell wall? plants and mushrooms. no cell wall? animals
-photosynthetic is plants and mushrooms are not
what are the three morphology and their prefixes?
-Coccus: Diplo… ,Staphylo… ,Strepto… ,Pneumo… Tetrad, Sarcina
-Bacillus: Diplo…, Strepto…, Palisade…, Cocco…
-Other: Coryne…, Vibrio/Bdellovibrio, Spirillum, Spirochete, Filamentous
what are the names for elevation of a colony?
– Flat
– Raised
– Convex
– Pulvinate
– Umbonate
– Crateriform
what are the names for a margin of a colony?
Margin (Edge)
– Entire/Complete/Smooth
– Undulate
– Filamentous/Filiform
– Lobate
– Erose/Serrate
– Curled/Wave
– Scalloped
what are the forms of a colony?
– Punctiform
– Circular
– Filamentous
– Rhizoid
– Irregular
– Spindle (lens)
surface of colonies? color? texture/consistency?
-Surface: Shiny/Glistening, Dull, Smooth, Veined/Rugose, Rough
-color: Opaque, Cloudy, Translucent, Iridescent
-texture/consistency: Moist, Brittle (Dry), Butyrous (buttery), Viscid (sticky)
how does prokaryotes reproduce?
how does archaea reproduce?
Cytokinesis:
– Binary Fission: Z-ring (popping off each other)
– Budding: Extension (like buddies)
– Snapping: Hinged (break up)
-archaea reproduces through binary fission and budding
photoautotroph
chemoautotroph
photoheterotroph
chemoheterotroph
photoautotroph: light + CO2
chemoautotroph: chemical + CO2
photoheterotroph: light + organic
chemoheterotroph: chemical + organic (aerobic, anaerobic, fermentation)
what physical characteristics cause staining differences?
-the cell wall and how much peptidoglycan aka murein it has and teiochoic acids (lipids) it has
-lots of p.g = teichoic acids (no additional plasma membrane) & can retain stain
-little of p.g = no teichoic acids (although has another plasma membrane) difficult to retain stain
what consists of polymers in prokaryotes?
suagrs 2x + amino acids 4x
most prokarya are surrounded by? which?
-contains?
-lipopolysaccharide is present?
a cell wall which provides structure, shape and osmotic protection
-contains peptidoglycan which helps differentiates between positive and negative gram stain
-lipopolysaccharide is only present in second membrane (little p.g) and is endotoxic (active substance in gram-negative)
staining in bacterial wall:
-what does it do?
-two types?
-color of neg. or pos. stain?
-Resolving against background
– Simple or Differential (multiple for multiple differences)
* Purple-staining: Gram Positive
* Pink-staining: Gram Negative
what are the tests performed on bacteria?
-Biochemical Tests: testing the possession of Enzymes and their ability to use them
-Serology: identifies organism based on previously available antibodies
-Phage Typing: Tests bacterial susceptibility
-DNA Profiling: Use of various features of DNA to distinguish properties of an organism
