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Introduction Review Flashcards

1
Q

City-state

A

city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state

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2
Q

Athens

A

Capital
Create democracy form of gov
Formed Delian league

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3
Q

Parthenon

A

Well-preserved temple in Athens

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4
Q

Direct democracy

A

All citizens meet in an assembly and vote on laws

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5
Q

Representative democracy

A

People elect people to make decisions for them

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6
Q

Limited democracy

A

Power is only partially in the hands of the people

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7
Q

Olympics

A

Series of games and competition that started in Ancient Greece

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8
Q

Persian wars

A

Athens and the other city-states teamed up to defeat Persian empire
They won

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9
Q

Peloponnesian war

A 
Delian league (Athens) against Peloponnesian league (Sparta)
Sparta won
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10
Q

Delian league

A

Athens league formed to protect city states from further attacks

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11
Q

Peloponnesian league

A

Sparta’s league

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12
Q

Alexander the Great

A

After the war, he took over the city states and land all the way up to India
Was never defeated
From Macedonia
After his death his empire was split up and conquered by the Romans

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13
Q

Philosophy

A

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

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14
Q

Socrates

A

Taught people to question to arrive at an answer

Sentenced to death for “corrupting the youth”

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15
Q

Plato

A

Student of Socrates

He thought the most intelligent should rule

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16
Q

Aristotle

A

Student of Plato

Taught Alexander the Great

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17
Q

Pythagoras

A

Calculated the sides of a right triangle

Theorem and trigonometry

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18
Q

Ptolemy

A

Thought earth was center of the universe

Astronomer as well as many other things

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19
Q

Drama

A

Greeks created both comedy and tragedy

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20
Q

Were women treated better in Athens or Sparta? Why?

A

Sparta because they had more freedom and things to do (responsibility)

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21
Q

How did Greece’s geography impact its choice of government?

A

Cities were too isolated from each other so they created city states

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22
Q

Why were Athenian males given well-rounded educations?

A

Something

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23
Q

How was the Peloponnesian war both a victory and a defeat for Sparta?

A

They won against Athens

But the war split up and weakened Greece

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24
Q

What ultimately happened to the Greeks?

A

Alexander the Great took over a lot of land after the Peloponnesian war
After his death the empire was split up and later conquered by the Romans

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25
Republic
a country that is governed by elected representatives and leader rather than a king or queen
26
Senate
Made the laws for Romans
27
Assembly
Normally headed the Roman Empire
28
Julius Caesar
Famous ruler of Roman Empire
29
Augustus Caesar
He declared himself as emperor of the Roman empire and republic came to an end as a result of this He was able to gain the support of people in preserve peace by having bread and circuses
30
Bread and circuses
Free food and entertainment (gladiators and chariots)
31
Pantheon
Famous Roman temple to the gods
32
Polytheism
Belief in more than one God
33
Christianity
Major religion that emerged during this time and earning the faith in Europe Its capital is Vatican City
34
Compare and contrast Rome's geography of Greece, who's is better, why?
Rome had not as many mountains and islands and was less isolated from all Rome because no isolation Same: both in Mediterranean Sea and near water (coastal)
35
Compare and contrast Rome's republic to Athen's democracy, which one is more like the United States, why?
Rome had two consuls, not one Both no dictator (except for Rome in times of war) Rome is more like US because they have two houses and they elect officials
36
Why did Julius Caesar come to power?
By bringing an end to a civil war between rich and poor
37
Why did the republic come to an end with Augustus? What does Rome begin to call itself? Why?
Augustus declared himself emperor of the Roman Empire | They called themselves an empire because there is an emperor
38
What happened to the Roman Empire?
They were conquered by the barbarians
39
Medieval
Means Middle Age in Latin
40
Sacraments
Sacred rituals of Catholic Church | Baptism, Reconcilation, First communion, confirmation, marriage, holy orders, last rites
41
Crusades
Wars between Christians and Muslims over holy land (Jerusalem)
42
Feudalism
Social system which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return
43
Knights
Soldier who had high social rank, wore armor, and rode a horse
44
Magna Carta
King John signed it | It said: everyone must obey the law and the king is not above the law (part of everyone)
45
Hundred Years' War
War between France and England that devastated both
46
Bubonic Plague
Disease that brought end to the Middle Ages Killed 1/3 of Europe Spread by fleas and rats
47
When did the Middle Ages occur?
500-1500 AD | After fall of Roman Empire and before Renaissance
48
Why was there so much fighting during this time?
No countries with specific borders, just tribes
49
Why was the Catholic Church so important during this time?
People were worried about the afterlife, mostly because there was a lot of death going around Church replaced knowledge ("God would want everything so" he is the reason for things happening)
50
Why are the Sacraments important?
You had to complete them in order to go to heaven and not burn in hell for all eternity
51
Give 3 examples of church corruption
Priests violated vows of chastity and poverty Pope could kick people and country out of church and threatened them with this Simony: selling of church positions
52
How did feudalism work? Was it democratic?
(Social system which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return) There were monarchs so no, it was not democratic
53
Why is the Magna Carta so important
First official thing or document that said the king is not above the law
54
What events brought the middle ages to an end?
Bubonic plague, Hundred Years' War, people started to doubt God was the reason for EVERYTHING
55
Renaissance
Rebirth | Occurred from 1300s to 1600s
56
Humanism
Art and literature beginning to focus on worldly subjects rather than on religious issues
57
Johann Gutenberg
Invented the printing press
58
Leonardo da Vinci
Ideal Renaissance man Painted Last Supper and Mona Lisa Sketched inventions and dissected human corpses to learn more about human anatomy
59
Michelangelo
Painted Sistine chapel | Sculpted statue of David and The Pieta
60
Raphael
Painted the famous school of Athens, and imaginary gathering of great scientists and thinkers
61
Machiavelli
Wrote the prince as a guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power
62
William Shakespeare
English playwright | Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth, Julius Caesar, and The Tempest
63
How was the Renaissance different from the Middle Ages?
It focused on human experience in the here and now Emphasis on individual achievement Desire for adventure and exploration
64
Why was the inventing of the printing press so important?
Spread Renaissance ideas to the Northern parts of Europe
65
What instructions did The Prince give future rulers?
"The ends justify the means" | Rulers should be ruthless as necessary in order to achieve their goals
66
Why did the Catholic Church condemn the ideas of Kepler, Copernicus, and Galileo?
Their ideas contradicted the ideas that were supported in the Middle Ages
67
What were some of the most famous works of art produced by da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael?
da Vinci: Mona Lisi and Last Supper Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel and The Pieta Raphael: School of Athens
68
Indulgence
Pardons for sins that were sold by the Church
69
Johann Tetzel
Primary seller of indulgences
70
Martin Luther
German monk Opposed indulgences 95 theses Published bible in common local language
71
95 theses
95 things Martin Luther came up with in the bible | Posted them to a church door
72
Reformation
religious movement that led to the establishment of the Protestant churches
73
Protestant
Reformation that took place
74
Lutheran
First Protestant church
75
Henry VIII
Had 6 wives Divorced, decapitated, died, divorced, decapitated, lived Wanted a son Created Church of England (Anglican)
76
Anglican
Church that evolved from Henry VIII's wives and decisions
77
Who is the head of the Roman Catholic Church?
The pope
78
Why was Luther kicked out from the church?
He believed and published different ideas than Roman Catholics
79
What were Luther's 2 basic beliefs?
Salvation comes through faith ALONE | The bible is the sole source of truth
80
Why did Henry VIII break form the church and what church did he create?
``` The church (and pope) would not annul his marriage with Catharine Created Anglican Church ```
81
Who became the new head of the Church
The king/queen
82
Bartholomew Dias
Travelled to cape of good hope
83
Vasco de Gama
Travelled around Africa to the indies
84
Christopher Columbus
Travelled/discovered North America | Arrived in Carribeans
85
Ferdinand Magllan
First person to travel around the entire world
86
Henry Hudson
Travelled to more northern part of NA arrived in present day NY Another voyage to Hudson Bay Was left to die alone there

European History (7 decks)

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