Introduction to Cytogenetics

Question 1

the study of heredity and variation

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

study of transmission of traits and biological information between generations

Answer 2

Heredity

Question 3

unit of heredity & segment of DNA carrying information

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

3 categories of traits

Answer 4

Morphological
Physiological
Behavioral

Question 5

3 primary sources of genetic variation

Answer 5

Mutations
Gene flow
Sex

Question 6

Changes in DNA

Answer 6

Mutations

Question 7

Movement of genes from one population to another

Answer 7

Gene flow

Question 8

Introduces new genetic combination that leads to genetic shuffling

Answer 8

Sex

Question 9

1st law of Classical Genetics

Answer 9

Law of Segregation

Question 10

2nd law of Classical Genetics

Answer 10

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 11

Law of Independent Assortment is based on?

Answer 11

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Question 12

5 Nitrogenous bases

Answer 12

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

Question 13

DNA or RNA

Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine with Guanine

Answer 13

DNA

Question 14

DNA or RNA

Adenine pairs with Uracil and Cytosine with Guanine

Answer 14

RNA

Question 15

Types of RNA

Answer 15

messenger RNA
transfer RNA
ribosomal RNA

Question 16

Study about the changes in gene frequencies

Answer 16

Evolutionary Genetics

Question 17

Living organisms may come from non-living material

Answer 17

Abiogenesis

Question 18

Theory that organisms develop from mini versions of themselves

Answer 18

Preformation

Question 19

He studied a cork and coined the term “cell”

Answer 19

Robert Hooke (1665)

Question 20

Discovered living organisms particularly the protozoa and bacteria from rainwater

Answer 20

Anton van Leuwenhoek (1674)

Question 21

Published The Origin of Species, which describes the theory of evolution by natural selection

Answer 21

Charles Darwin (1859)

Question 22

Published Experiments in Plant Hybridization

Answer 22

Gregor Mendel (1866)

Question 23

Isolated nucleic acid from pus cells

First to identify DNA as a distinct molecule and that the genetic material is located in the nucleus

Answer 23

Friedrich Miescher (1869)

Question 24

Proved that the genetic material is indeed located in the nucleus

Answer 24

Ernst Haeckel (1871)

Question 25

Who are those that rediscovered Mendel's work

Answer 25

Carl Correns Hugo de Vries Erich von Tschermak (1902)

Question 26

Discovered that alkaptonuria, a human disease, has a genetic basis

Answer 26

Archibald Garrod (1903)

Question 27

Hypothesized the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis, thus leading to the discovery that genes are located on chromosomes

Answer 27

Walter Sutton (1903)

Question 28

Coined the term "gene"

Answer 28

Wilhelm Johannsen

Question 29

Discovered linkage between genes and coined the term "epistasis" and "genetics"

Answer 29

William Bateson (1904)

Question 30

Who are those that discovered the science of genetic linkage and coined the term "epistasis"

Answer 30

Reginald Punnet William Bateson (1910)

Question 31

describes the interaction between two diffferent traits

Answer 31

Epistasis

Question 32

Proved that genes are located on the chromosomes and discovered XX and XY chromosomes

Answer 32

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 33

Began the study of quantitative genetics by partitioning phenotypic variance into a genetic and an environmental component

Answer 33

R.A. Fisher (1918)

Question 34

Showed that X-rays induce mutations

Answer 34

Herman J. Muller (1926)

Question 35

Showed that DNA can transform bacteria, demonstrating that DNA is the hereditary material

Answer 35

Oswald Avery Colin Macleod Maclyn Mccarty (1944)

Question 36

Determined the structure of the DNA molecule, which leads directly to knowledge of how it replicates

Answer 36

James Watson Francis Crick (1953)

Question 37

Solved the genetic code, showing 3 DNA bases code for one amino acid

Answer 37

Marshall Nirenberg (1966)

Question 38

An enzyme found in retroviruses, was discovered and was used in cloning genes

Answer 38

Reverse Transcriptase (1970)

Question 39

1st to create a recombinant DNA molecule

Answer 39

Paul Berg (1972)

Question 40

Combine DNA from two diferent species invitro, then transformed it into bacterial cells

Answer 40

Stanley Cohen Herbert Boyer (1972)

Question 41

Introduced the process of sequencing the genome of a bacteriophage

Answer 41

Frederick Sanger (1977)

Question 42

Invented the process called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer 42

Kary Mullis (1983)

Question 43

In this technique, a segment of the DNA is amplified until millions of copies are produced in just a short period of time

Answer 43

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 44

They have successfully cloned Dolly the sheep

Answer 44

Ian Wilmut Keith Campbell (1996)

Question 45

First mammal to be cloned from an adult cell

Answer 45

Dolly the sheep

Question 46

Simply differences in genetic sequence

Answer 46

Variation