Nucleic Acids Introduction

Question 1

Structure in the cell nucleus thought to be the carrier of genetic information

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Question 2

Components of chromosome

Answer 2

Telomere
Centromere
Chromatid

Question 3

Portion of a chromosome that controls a specific inheritable trait

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

Sum of all genes

Answer 4

Genome

Question 5

It is one of the major macromolecules of the body that is responsible for storing and expressing genetic information

Answer 5

Nucleic Acid

Question 6

Stores genetic information; It stores RNA and protein coding information and it also transfers the information to the daughter cells

Answer 6

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 7

Nitrogenous base unique to DNA

Answer 7

Thymine

Question 8

Nitrogenous base unique to RNA

Answer 8

Uracil

Question 9

Carries protein encoding information & helps in how the information stored in the DNA is used

Answer 9

Ribonucleic Acid

Question 10

Is a single building block of the nucleic acids

Answer 10

Nucleotide

Question 11

3 parts of a nucleotide

Answer 11

Phosphate group
Sugar
A nitrogen-containing cycle compound (base)

Question 12

Base that has two fused nitrogen containing ring

Answer 12

Purine

Question 13

Has one nitrogen-containing ring

Answer 13

Pyrimidine

Question 14

Sugar + Base = ?

Answer 14

Nucleoside

Question 15

the bond connecting the sugar and the base

Answer 15

B-N-glycosidic acid

Question 16

Nucleoside + Phosphate = ?

Answer 16

Nucleotide

Question 17

Each nucleotide is a ____________ of a nucleoside

Answer 17

5’-monophosphate ester

Question 18

Deoxyribonucleoside with Adenine base

Answer 18

Deoxyadenosine

Question 19

Deoxyribonucleoside with Guanine base

Answer 19

Deoxyguanosine

Question 20

Deoxyribonucleoside with Cytosine base

Answer 20

Deoxycytidine

Question 21

Deoxyribonucleoside with Thymine base

Answer 21

Doexythymidine

Question 22

not a question

For naming Deoxyribonucleotides:

Answer 22

Deoxyribonucleoside + 5’-monophosphate

Question 23

Ribonucleoside with Adenine base

Answer 23

Adenosine

Question 24

Ribonucleoside with Guanine base

Answer 24

Guanosine

Question 25

Ribonucleoside with Cytosine base

Answer 25

Cytidine

Question 26

Ribonucleoside with Uracil base

Answer 26

Uridine

Question 27

*not a question* For naming Ribonucleotides:

Answer 27

Ribonucleoside + 5'monophosphate

Question 28

Who obtained X-ray diffraction photographs of DNA

Answer 28

Rosalind Franklin Maurice Wilkins

Question 29

For each A on one chain, a T is aligned opposite to it on the other chain G-C

Answer 29

Chargaff Rule

Question 30

Holds the nitrogenous bases of one strand to the nitrogenous bases of the other strand

Answer 30

Hydrogen bonds

Question 31

DNA in the nuclei is not stretched out, but rather coiled around basic protein molecules called?

Answer 31

Histones

Question 32

The acidic DNA and the basis histones attract each other by electrostatic forces, combining to form units called?

Answer 32

Nucleosomes

Question 33

Type of RNA: Carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus directly to the cytoplasm

Answer 33

mRNA

Question 34

Type of RNA: Structurally support and catalyze protein synthesis

Answer 34

rRNA

Question 35

Subunit of rRNA that catalyzes the peptide bond formation

Answer 35

Large

Question 36

Subunit of rRNA that binds mRNA and tRNA

Answer 36

Small

Question 37

Type of RNA: Transports the specific amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis

Answer 37

tRNA

Question 38

tRNA contains how many nucleotides per chain?

Answer 38

73 to 93

Question 39

Catalyzes the splicing of mRNA

Answer 39

Ribozyme

Question 40

Acts as the manager in the process of making proteins

Answer 40

DNA

Question 41

What are the 2 steps in transmission of information (DNA)?

Answer 41

Transcription & Translation

Question 42

Transcription occurs where

Answer 42

Nucleus

Question 43

Information encoded in a DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule

Answer 43

Transcription

Question 44

Information encoded in an mRNA molecule is used to assemble a specific protein

Answer 44

Translation

Question 45

These are coding sequences in DNA and RNA

Answer 45

Exons

Question 46

These are noncoding sequences in DNA and RNA, and should be removed in the mRNA

Answer 46

Introns