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REPRO & ENDO PHYSIO > INTRODUCTION TO ENDOCRINOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO ENDOCRINOLOGY Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

In females, this pituitary hormone helps labor to progress by contacting the uterus; causes breast milk to flow and influences the bonding between the mother and baby.

A

Oxytocin

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2
Q

What is the primary androgen produced by zona reticularis of adrenal gland ?

A

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

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3
Q

Vasopressin and oxytocin are produced by what portion of pituitary gland?

A

Posterior pituitary

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4
Q

Where is thyroid gland located?

A

Anterior neck and spans the C5-T1 vertebrae.

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5
Q

This endocrine organ is located in the upper abdomen, behind the stomach. It spans horizontally across the posterior abdominal wall with its head nestled in the curve of the duodenum, the body extending behind the stomach, and the tail tapering toward the spleen

A

Pancreas

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6
Q

This pituitary gland hormone stimulates the ovaries to prepare eggs for ovulation and release estrogen.

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone - FSH

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7
Q

This pituitary hormone helps regulate the water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water in the kidneys reabsorb while filtering wastes out of the blood.

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin)

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8
Q

Male hormone that causes development of secondary sexual characteristics

A

Testosterone

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9
Q

This male hormone helps testicles descend into the scrotum from the abdomen and to continue to develop in the scrotum

A

Insulin-like Factor 3

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10
Q

What are the hormones secreted by placenta ?

A
  • Progesterone
  • Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG)
  • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
  • Relaxin
  • Placental lactogens
  • Pregnancy specific protein B/ PAG
  • Prostaglandins
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11
Q

How many thyroid glands do dogs and cats have?

A

2

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12
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?

A
  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Triiodothyronine (T3)
  • Calcitonin
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13
Q

Study of endocrine glands and their secretions

A

Endocrinology

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14
Q

This adrenal hormone causes water retention, increased levels of sodium in the intestines, and riding the body of excess potassium through urine output.

A

Aldosterone

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15
Q

What are the 2 hormones under catecholamines?

A
  • Adrenaline
  • Noradrenaline
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16
Q

Relates to hormone’s action on nearby target cells (within immediate area around source)

A

Paracrine

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

This pituitary gland hormone stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortisol and other hormones.

A

ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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19
Q

The bioactive messenger molecule secreted by an endocrine gland into the blood regulating the physiology and behavior of the animals

A

Hormone

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20
Q

These endocrine glands are paired situated over the medial aspect of the upper poles of each kidney

A

Adrenal glands

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21
Q

In males, androgens are responsible for ?

A
  • Vocal cord lengthening that leads to a deeper voice
  • Facial and chest hair growth
  • Sperm development
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22
Q

Hormone of the ovary that is synthesized primarily in the ovarian follicles; is essential for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and prepares the uterus for pregnancy

A

Estrogen

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23
Q

Where is parathyroid gland located ?

A

Directly adjacent to and/or located within the thyroid glands

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24
Q

A group of cells which secrete messenger molecules directly into the bloodstream

A

Endocrine gland

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25
This heart hormone regulates the blood volume and arterial blood pressure; potential vasodilator
Atrial natriuretic factor / Atrial natriuretic peptide
26
In females, this pituitary hormone trigger the ovaries to produce progesterone.
Luteinizing hormone - LH
27
This pancreatic hormone regulates pancreatic hormone production.
Somatostatin
28
This kidney hormone is stimulated by a reduction in renal perfusion pressure, an increase in renal sympathetic activity or hyponatremia, as detected within the kidney.
Renin
29
What are the signs of fight-or-flight response?
* Delayed pain if injured * Increase in strength or speed * Heightened awareness of your surroudnings
30
The zona reticularis of adrenal gland produces what hormone?
Androgens
31
Boosting organ functioning caused by hormones of adrenal medulla is otherwise known as ?
fight-or-flight response
32
This male hormone is important to the development of internal reproductive organs
Anti-mullerian hormone
33
In males, this pituitary hormone influences the bonding between parent and baby and plays a part in ejaculation.
Oxytocin
34
In females, androgens are responsible for ?
* Regulates menstruation * Have a role in conception and pregnancy * Minimize bone loss
35
This endocrine organ is cone-shaped and obliquely placed in the thorax so its base faces dorsocranially and its apex is directed ventrocaudally and to the left side.
Heart
36
In children, this pituitary gland hormone stimulates growth. In adults, it helps maintain healthy muscles and bones and impacts body fat distribtuion.
Human growth hormone - HGH
37
What is the other name name of pituitary gland?
Hypophysis
38
The right testis is further caudal than the left testis. True or False?
False
39
A term devised to indicate that a hormone can have an effect within its own cell of production
Cryptocrine
40
This liver hormone is the immediate stimulus for the growth in the body, especially the bones.
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1
41
Hormone that is present in smaller quantities in females that contribute to reproductive processes
Androgens
42
The ovary is fully formed when chick turns into its adult stage. True or False?
False, already fully formed when a pullet chick hatches but is very small
43
This pancreatic hormone lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells.
Insulin
44
What hormone does zona glomerulosa produces ?
Aldosterone
45
Mainly produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation; helps maintain the uterine lining, supporting potential implantation, and pregnancy
Progesterone
46
This endocrine gland is located in a small bony cavity called sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, at the base of the brain.
Pituitary gland
47
This hormone control calcium level in the blood, along with phosphorus and vitamin D levels.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
48
The zona fasciculata of adrenal gland produces ____.
cortisol
49
This endocrine organ is housed in the cranial abdomen, well protected from external trauma by the inherent rigidity of the surrounding rib cage.
Liver
50
This pituitary gland hormone triggers the thyroid to produce and release its own hormones, which are essential for maintaining BMR.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone - TSH
51
What is the location of testes in avian?
Within the abdominal cavity, situated on either side of the backbone adjacent to the cranial pole of the left and right kidneys
52
What is the shape of adult ovaries ?
Almond-shaped
53
Adrenal cortex hormones develop in the zona _____.
glomerulosa
54
What are the functions of cortisol?
* Controls blood sugar levels * Support the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats (metabolism) * Regulates blood pressure * Suppresses inflammation * Regulates sleep-wake cycle * Raises glucose levels when the body is under stress.
55
What is the shape of testes?
Oval (directed dorsocaudally)
56
Ovaries are located in the ?
Pelvic girdle
57
This pancreatic hormone aids in the regulation of pancreatic acid and gastrointestinal secretion.
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
58
This endocrine organs are paired bean-shaped structures located in the retroperitoneal space directly beneath the sublumbar muscles.
Kidneys
59
What is the group of hormones that is produced by the adrenal medulla?
Catecholamines
60
What is the location of the ovary in avians?
Midway between the neck and the tail of the bird and attached at the back
61
This pancreatic hormone raises blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose release.
Glucagon
62
Relates to hormone's action on target cells at a distance from the source
Endocrine
63
Relates to hormone having an effect on its own immediate source
Autocrine
64
This pituitary gland hormone stimulates breast milk production after giving birth and can affect menstrual periods, fertility, and sexual function.
Prolactin
65
This endocrine gland is lateral and at times, somewhat ventral to the trachea, spanning the initial 5-8 tracheal rings.
Thyroid gland
66
Serum levels of this hormone are related to testicular volume and sperm counts in adults
Inhibin B
67
This male hormone is important in making sperm
Estradiol
68
In males, this pituitary gland hormone stimulates testosterone production.
Luteinizing hormone - LH

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