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Introduction to General & Systemic Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

A abnormal condition that may impair bodily function, cause discomfort, social problems, death:

A

Disease

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2
Q

The cause of the disease process:

A

Etiology

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3
Q

The mechanisms of disease development (how it develops):

A

Pathogenesis

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4
Q

Objective, something you can see:

A

Sign

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5
Q

Subjective, something the patient tells you:

A

Symptom

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6
Q

A sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any doubt:

A

Pathognomonic

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7
Q

The disease state of an individual; incidence (number) of illness in a population:

A

Morbidity

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8
Q

Incidence (number) of death in a population:

A

Mortality

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9
Q

Any type of clinical or molecular abnormality:

A

Lesion

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10
Q

The biochemical and structural changes induced in cells and organs:

A

molecular & morphologic changes

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11
Q

The functional consequences of morphologic changes:

A

Clinical manifestations

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12
Q

Irritation by biting cheek/tongue, a sharp tooth, etc:

A

Traumatic ulcer

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13
Q

White lesion that is irregular & thickened - cannot find cause for it:

A

Leukoplakia

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14
Q

Lesion on tooth that maybe xerostomia-related:

A

Carious lesion

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15
Q

Pigmented lesion, irregular in shape:

A

Melanoma

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16
Q

The most common intraoral melanoma sites in adults is on the:

A

Palate

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17
Q

-Traumatic ulcer
-Leukoplakia
-Carious lesion
-Melanoma

These are all types of:

A

Lesions

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18
Q

A lesion may be invisible because: (2)

A
  1. Located deep within body
  2. Has molecular basis
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19
Q

Examples of invisible lesions due to having a molecular basis (biochemical lesions): (3)

A
  1. Diabetes mellitus
  2. Schizophrenia
  3. Phenylketonuria
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20
Q

PKU is an example of a ____ lesion

A

“invisible” biochemical lesion

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21
Q

-an autosomal recessive disorder of phenylalanine metabolism- a developmental disease

-caused by a mutation in the enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine (phenylalanine hydroxylase)

-Phenylalanine is toxic to developing brains and causes profound, irreversible mental retardation (cognitive disorder)

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

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22
Q

List the six categories of disease:

A
  1. Developmental
  2. Infectious
  3. Neoplastic
  4. Metabolic
  5. Immune-mediated
  6. Reactive
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23
Q

What category of disease can be described as genetic or environmental:

A

Developmental

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24
Q

What category of disease can be described as bacteria, fungal or virus:

A

Infectious

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25
What category of disease can be described as benign or malignant:
Neoplastic
26
What category of disease can be described as endocrine:
Metabolic
27
What category of disease can be described as allergy, hypersensitivity or autoimmunity?
Immune-mediated
28
What category of disease can be described as physical, chemical, factorial, or iatrogenic injuries:
Reactive
29
Cherubism us an example of a ____ disease
Developmental
30
-autosomal dominant -puffy appearance causing expansion of jaws (maxilla) -multiloculated & giant cell lesions (will resolve) -palatal tori
Cherubism
31
Gardner syndrome is an example of a _____ disease
Developmental
32
Amelogeneis imperfecta is an example of a _____ disease
Developmental
33
-autosomal dominant -chalky white teeth due to mutation in enamel protein -enamel flakes off of teeth
Amelogenesis imperfecta
34
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis 18F is an example of a ____ disease
Infectious
35
-inflammation of the oral mucosa & gingiva caused by the herpes virus -all of us carry this
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
36
Acromegaly (growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma) is an example of a ____ disease
Metabolic
37
-growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (neoplasm) -excessive GH from pituitary usually tumor cause -mandible continues to grow creating a prognathic appearance -this occurs after growth plates have fused
Acromegaly
38
Hypothyroidism 18F is an example of a ____ disease
Metabolic
39
-short stature -delayed dental eruption -metabolic disease
Hypothyroidism 18F
40
Granular cell tumor is an example of a ____ disease
Neoplastic
41
Squamous cell carcinoma is an example of a ____ disease
Neoplastic
42
Recurrent pathos stomatitis is an example of a ____ disease
Immune-mediated
43
-AKA canker sore -one of the most common ulcers -T-lymphocytes destroy mucosal surface
Recurrent apthous sotmatitis
44
Mucous membrane pemphigoid is an example of a _____ disease
Immune-mediated
45
-autoimmune disease affecting gingiva -easy separation of overlying epithelium to underlying connective tissue with light stream of air -also called Desquamative gingitivis
Mucous membrane pemphigoid
46
Pyogenic granuloma is an example of a _____ disease
Reactive
47
-overgrowth of normal healing tissues -reaction to an irritant- will go away when the irritant is removed (i.e., calculus)
Pyogenic granuloma
48
Gingival hyperplasia (commonly seen with DM patients) is an example of a _____ disease
Reactive (the DM part is metabolic)
49
-gingival overgrowth caused by the underlying systemic disease along with an infection -can be considered both reactive or metabolic
Gingival hyperplasia- diabetes mellitus
50
allows the passage of X-rays; appears black; destruction of bone:
Radiolucent
51
Lesion on radiograph involving one circle:
Unilocular
52
Lesion on radiograph involving multiple circles:
Multilocular
53
Lesion on radiograph involving borders not well defined:
Ill-defined
54
Lesion on radiograph involving borders easily traced:
Well-defined
55
Lesions on a radiograph MUST be described as:
Radiolucent or radiopaque
56
Blocks the passage of X-rays; appears white; formation of bone or other mineralized material:
Radiopaque
57
A radiopaque lesion on a radiograph may be described as:
Ill-defined or well-defined only
58
A radiolucent lesion on a radiograph may be described as:
Ill-defined, well-defined, unilocular, multi-locular
59
A small circumscribed elevated lesion, usually less than 1cm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid (watery fluid NOT pus!):
Vesicle
60
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
Vesicles
61
A circumscribed elevated lesion that is around 1cm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid (watery fluid NOT pus!):
Bulla
62
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
Bulla
63
A lesion that is a less than 1cm water balloon= A lesion that is greater than 1cm water balloon=
Vesicle Bulla
64
Various sized circumscribed elevations containing pus:
Pustule
65
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
Pustule
66
A segment or lobe that is part of the whole, these lobes sometimes appear fused together:
Lobule
67
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
Lobule
68
An area that is usually distinguished by a color different from that of the surrounding tissues; it is flat and does not protrude above the surface of normal tissues: (can only be seen and NOT felt)
Macule
69
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
Macule
70
A small circumscribed lesion usually less than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue: (a bump, NOT pus or fluid filled, it is solid)
Papule
71
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
Papule
72
A circumscribed lesion, usually greater than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above or below the surface of normal surrounding tissue: (a big solid bump)
Nodule
73
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
Nodule
74
Attached by a stem-like or stalk base; only described the relationship of the lesion to the underlying tissue, needs more description:
Pedunculated
75
Diagnose the lesion on this image, needs more description than this though:
Pedunculated
76
Describing the base of a lesion that is flat stem-like; flat on a surface with a broad base, needs more description:
Sessile
77
Diagnose the lesion on this image, needs more description than this though:
Sessile
78
A loss in continuity of the epithelium that penetrates to the underlying connective tissue:
Ulcer
79
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
Ulcer
80
A patch or differentiated area on a body surface:
Plaque
81
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
Plaque- eryhtroplakia (red patch)
82
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
Plaque- leukoplakia (white patch)
83
Surface texture described as wrinkled:
Corrugated
84
How could you describe this surface texture?
Corrugated
85
Surface texture described as a cleft or groove, normal otherwise, showing prominent depth:
Fissure
86
How could you describe this surface texture?
Fissure
87
Surface texture described as resembling small nipple-shaped projections or elevations found in clusters: (finger-like projections)
Papillary
88
How could you describe this surface texture?
Papillary
89
What additional terms can be used to describe surface texture?
Smooth, rough, folded
90
How would you described this image?
Ill-defined radiopaque lesion
91
How would you described this image?
Well-defined, multilocular radiolucent lesion
92
How would you described this image?
Well-defined, unilocular radiolucent lesion
93
How would you described this image?
Multiple, well-defined, unilocular radiolucent lesions
94
How would you described this image?
Left: bulla Middle: vesicles Right: collapsed vesicles
95
How would you described this image? -It is firm to palpation
Sessile nodule
96
How would you described this image?
Pedunculated papillary papule
97
How would you described this image?
Ulcer with erythematous halo

Pathology (28 decks)

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