Introduction to Geohazard

Question 1

a process or phenomenon that may pose a threat to human lives and or properties

Answer 1

hazard

Question 2

are geological processes or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts

Answer 2

geohazards

Question 3

t or f: risk can be totally eliminated

Answer 3

F not totally

Question 4

the potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assests

Answer 4

risk

Question 5

risk is a function of:

Answer 5

hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity

Question 6

risk formula

Answer 6

risk = probablity of hazard occuring x expected impacts

Question 7

risk that are not totally eliminated even after several measures

Answer 7

residual risk

Question 8

two types of risk

Answer 8

acceptable and residual

Question 9

risk is a function of

Answer 9

hazard, vulnerability, exposure, and capacity

Question 10

a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events

Answer 10

disaster

Question 11

disaster are hazardous events interacting with conditions of:

Answer 11

exposure, vulnerability, and capacity

Question 12

a type of disaster that emerges gradually

Answer 12

slow-onset disaster or (incremental processes)

Question 13

a type of disaster that occurs suddenly

Answer 13

sudden-onset disaster (sporadic processes)

Question 14

disaster leads to one or more of the following losses and impacts

Answer 14

human, material, economic, and environmental losses and impact

Question 15

a type of disaster that is triggered by a hazardous event that emerges quickly or unexpectedly

Answer 15

sudden-onset disaster (sporadic processes)

Question 16

a disaster that emerges gradually overtime

Answer 16

slow-onset disaster (incremental processes)

Question 17

examples of slow-onset disasters:

Answer 17

drought, desertification, sea-level rise, epidemic disease

Question 18

examples of sudden-onset disasters

Answer 18

earthquake, volcanic eruption, flash flood, chemical explosion, critical infrastructure failure, transport accident

Question 19

susceptibility is related to

Answer 19

spatial aspects of hazard

Question 20

related to spatial aspects of hazard, tendency of an area to undergo the effects of hazards

Answer 20

susceptibility or exposure

Question 21

degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience hazard events of different magnitudes/scales

Answer 21

susceptibility

Question 22

ability of the population to cope or prepare to the effects or impacts of a hazard

Answer 22

adaptive capacity

Question 23

degree of inability to resist to the effects/impacts of a hazard or to respond when a disaster has occured

Answer 23

vulnerability

Question 24

t or f: vulnerability and adaptive capacity have inverse relationship

Answer 24

T

Question 25

lenses of vulnerability

Answer 25

physical, social, economic, environmental, or industrial

Question 26

vulnerability is a function of

Answer 26

adaptive capacity, susceptibility, and sensitivity

Question 27

do hazards always lead to disaster?

Answer 27

NO

Question 28

geologic processes that affect every human on earth

Answer 28

natural hazards

Question 29

t or f: natural hazards are least noticeable when they cause loss of life or property

Answer 29

F (most noticeable)

Question 30

in minimizing risk, we need to understand something about the _______, and understand the _______ for the process

Answer 30

processes that operate ; energy required

Question 31

other disasters that are directly generated by humans

Answer 31

technological disasters

Question 32

types of natural hazards

Answer 32

geologic hydrometeorologic anthropogenic others

Question 33

question we hope to answer for each possible natural disasters are:

Answer 33

a.) where is each type of hazard likely to be present and why? b.) how often do these hazards develop into disasters? c.) how can each type of disaster be predicted or mitigated?

Question 34

most common geohazards

Answer 34

mass wasting earthquake volcanic eruption floods tsunami

Question 35

without humans hazards are only

Answer 35

natural events

Question 36

_____ can be developed to minimize the risk of hazards

Answer 36

mitigation measures

Question 37

natural hazards operating in the atmosphere

Answer 37

hydrometeorologic hazards

Question 38

types of hydrometeorologic hazards

Answer 38

typhoon, drought, tornadoes, lightning and thunderstorn

Question 39

hazards that don't fall in any categories

Answer 39

other natural hazards (insect infestations, disease/viruses, wildfires)

Question 40

hazards that occur as a result of human interaction with the environment

Answer 40

anthropogenic hazards

Question 41

occur due to exposure to hazardous substances, such as radon, mercury, asbestos

Answer 41

technological hazards

Question 42

examples of hazards that have formed through human interaction

Answer 42

acid rain, global warning, contamination of surface waters

Question 43

occur as a result of the process itself eg. water damage due to a flood, collapse of buildings due to an earthquake

Answer 43

primary effects

Question 44

occur only because a primary effect has caused them fires by earthquakes, disruption of electrical power as a result of earthquake

Answer 44

secondary effect

Question 45

are long term effects that are set off as a result of a primary event loss of habitat cause by flood, permanent changes in the position of river channel

Answer 45

Tertiary effects

Question 46

involves not only the assessment of hazards from a scientific point of view but also, socio-economic impacts of a hazardous event

Answer 46

risk assessment

Question 47

hazard assessment involves:

Answer 47

a.) when and where in the past b.) severity of physical effects of past hazards c.) frequency of occurrence d.) likely effects if it were to happen now e.) make information public

Question 48

risk assessment involves:

Answer 48

a.) hazard assessment b.) location of buildings c.) potential exposure d.) vulnerability of the community

Question 49

a statement of probability that an event will occur based on scientific observation

Answer 49

Prediction

Question 50

such observation of prediction involves:

Answer 50

monitoring of processes that will identify precursor events

Question 51

an anomalous small physical change that may be known to lead a more devastating event

Answer 51

precursor events

Question 52

refers to short term prediction of floods, hurricanes, and other weather related phenomena

Answer 52

forecast

Question 53

t or f: for weather related phenomena, forecast is used for short-term prediction of magnitude, location, date and time of an event

Answer 53

T

Question 54

t of f: forecast are used in earthquakes in a less precise way, it refers to long term probability that is specific in terms of the exact time that the event will occur

Answer 54

F (not exact)

Question 55

1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake is also known as

Answer 55

World Series Earthquake

Question 56

t or f: in terms of earthquake, forecast is used in a less precise way, and is not specific in terms of the exact time that the event will occur

Answer 56

t

Question 57

a ____ is a statement that a high probability of a hazardous event will occur, based on a ____ or ____.

Answer 57

warning prediction ; forecast

Question 58

prior to loma prieta earthquake, the USGS had forecast a ____ probability that a large earthquake would occur in this area within the next _____ years

Answer 58

50% ; 30

Question 59

rainfall warning by pagasa

Answer 59

malakas <15 mm/hr matindi 15-30 mm/hr walang humpay >30 mm/hr

Question 60

PAGASA stand for?

Answer 60

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

Question 61

PHIVOLCS stand for?

Answer 61

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

Question 62

NDRRMC stand for?

Answer 62

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

Question 63

MGB stands for?

Answer 63

Mines and Geosciences Bureau

Question 64

the effectiveness of a warning depends on

Answer 64

timeliness of warning; effective communications and public information system; credibility of sources

Question 65

responsibilities of scientists

Answer 65

hazard assessment prediction reduction of risk early warning communication

Question 66

responsibilities of public officials

Answer 66

risk assessment planning and code nforcement early warning respponse communication

Question 67

_______ and ______ should make information known to public officials for dissemination to the general public

Answer 67

scientists and engineers

Question 68

scientists with access to monitoring and hazard information should help develop ______ to effectively communicate such warnings to Public officials resposible

Answer 68

early warnings

Question 69

responsibilities of citizens

Answer 69

undestanding of hazards understanding of early warning systems communication

Question 70

Public officials need to work with scientists and engineers to help reduce vulnerability by making _________ and ______ that help reduce risk an dvulnerability

Answer 70

planning decisions (zoning laws) ; building codes