Introduction to Gross Anatomy Flashcards by ramish aku

This is the study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Anatomy

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Latin: Tem- Nein

Means: To Cut

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Latin: Anatomia

Dissection

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what is the correct anatomical position

Standing Erect

eyes and face forward
arms at side faicing forward
feet pointing forward

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How many imaginary anatomical planes are there

4 anatomical planes

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Anatomical Plane is
passing through the body
- divides body left and right
- middle and equally

Medial saggital plane

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Anatomical Plane that

divides body into 2 but not equally
parallel to the medial S. plane

Paramedial Sagittal Plane

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Anatomical Plane that

divides body into anterior and posterior
right angle with the medial plane

Frontal/ Coronal Plane

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Anatomical Plane that

divides the body superior and inferior parts
right angle with medial and frontal planes
like holding food tray

Axial plane / horizontal / transverse

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how manyy anatomical axes are there

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what are the anatomical axes

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these are the pairing with anatomical planes

Anatomical axe

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Anatomical Axe

pairs with Axial horizontal plane (superior and Inferior)
vertical

Y axe

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Anatomical axe
- pairs with sagittal plane (left & right)
-

X axis

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Anatomical axe
- its anteroposterior
- pairs with frontal/coronal
-

Z axis

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This movement occurs at the Saggital plane at the x axis

Flexion and extension

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This is the decrease in angle of the muscle

- flex upward

Flexion

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this is the release of tension of the muscle

- increase in angle

Extension

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this is going beyond the neutral position

Hyper extension

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these are the movements pertaining to angkle joint

- occurs in the x axis and saggital plane

Plantar and Dorsiflexion

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this movement bends the foot towards the floor

Plantar

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this movement picks up the foot off the floor and towards upward

Dorsiflexion movement

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this movement occurs in the z axis and coronal plane

Adduction and abduction

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movement moving away from the medial plane

Abduction

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movement towards the median plane

adduction

this movement is the special kind of abduction for neck and trunk - head and trunk tilts downward

Lateral Flexion

movements happening along the coronal plane | in the wrists

Radial and Ulnar movement

hand and fingers towards the ulnar side - towards pink finger - towards median plane

Ulnar Deviation

hands and fingers towards the radial bone - outward of the medial plane - towards thumb

Radial deviation

this movement is at the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

Inversion and Eversion (foot)

movement of the foot inward | - sole of the foot towards the medial plane

Inversion

sole of the foot outwards of the medial plane | - away from MEdian plane

Eversion

this is movement that includes sequential flexion, abduction, extension and adduction - full rotate of the shoulder

Circumduction

this is revolving a part of the body around its axis

Rotation

this brings anterior surface of the limb towards the medial plane

Internal medial rotation

this brings limb away from the mdial plane

External lateral rotation

roational movement of the hand and forearm

pronation/supination

like holding a soup | rotates the radius laterally

Supination

rotates the radius medially

pronation

movement anteriorly (forward )

Protraction

movement posteriorly

Retraction

movement of the thumb | thumb on the palm

Opposition

MOvement of the thumb | open palm

Reposition

movement of this joint is opposite from the other joints | can go 90 degrees

Thumb

in what plane does flexion and extension movement occus

Sagittal plane

in what plane does thumb movement happen

Coronal

normal adduction and abduction of the fingers occur in this plane thumb;

Coronal plane Sagittal plane

the diff approaches and styles in studying anatomy

- Systemic - Regional - Clinical/ Applied

this is the study of anatomy that focuses on the body's organs that work together to carry out complex functions

systemic anatomy

this is the study of anatomy that considers the organization of the body as major segments

regional anatomy

this is the study of anatomy that emphasize the aspects of bodily structures and functions that are important in practicing medicine

Clinical or applied medicine

study in the systemic anatomy that focuses on - hormone secretion that influences body funtions

Endocrine

study in the systemic anatomy that focuses on - male and female gonads - genitalia

Reproductive

study in the systemic anatomy that focuses on | - kidnes, ureters, urethra, urinary bladders

Urinary

study in the systemic anatomy that focuses on - lungs and airways - that would supply oxygen to the blood and eliminate CO2

Respiratory

study in the systemic anatomy that focuses on | - digestive tract from mouth to anus

Digestive

study in the systemic anatomy that focuses on - heart and all blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Circulatory

study in the systemic anatomy that focuses on - brain - spinal cord. nerves that controls the body

Nervous

study in the systemic anatomy that focuses on | - muscles that are attached to the skeleton

Muscular

study in the systemic anatomy that focuses on - joints that connect - link skeletal system to the functional whole

Articular system

study in the systemic anatomy that focuses on | - Bones that provide structure to the body and protects the organs inside

Skeletal

study in the systemic anatomy that focuses on - skin - and it's appendages

Integumentary

Part in the Regional anatomy that | - superior part that consists of the brain and its parts

Head

Part in the Regional anatomy that | - attaches the head to the thorax and trunk

Neck

Part in the Regional anatomy that | - studyied with the heart and lungs

Thorax

Part in the Regional anatomy that | - has gastrointestinal organs and parts of urogentital

Abdomen

Part in the Regional anatomy that | - urinary and reproductive parts

Pelvis

Part in the Regional anatomy that | - where head, neck, and limbs are connected

Back and Spine

Part in the Regional anatomy that - part of appendicular skeletal system - upper limb for reaching - lower limb for locomotion and movement

Upper and Lower limb

an approach in anatomy that emphasizes in using the knowledge students gained in studying anatomy

Clinical applied anatomy

Terms of Laterality in the body

- ipsilateral - contralateral - bilateral - unilateral - midline structures

A term of Laterality that - focuses on the heart , nose,lips and umbilicus and such structures

Midline structures

A term of Laterality that | - structures that are only one side of the body

Unilateral

A term of Laterality that - paired strcutures - both sides ex. kidneys

Bilateral

A term of Laterality that - at the opposite sides of the body - ex. lungs and stomach

contralateral

A term of Laterality that - on the same side of the body - liver and appendix

Ipsilateral

terms of depth

- superficial - intermediate - deep

describes the position of the structure relative to the surface of the body

terms f depth

used to describe the distance of the part

Terms of Distance

term of distance describing far

Distal

term of distance describing near

Proximal

Superior and Inferior

Superior- Cephalic inferior - Caudal

Anterior and Posterior

Anterior - Front or ventral. rostral posterior - back or dorsal side

Medial and Lateral

Medial- near the middle Lateral- away from the median plane

Dorsum and Planter

Dorsal - superior aspect of a part - plantar - soles of the feet - palmar - palms of the hand

Dorsum

superior part of the penis where the dorsal nerve is

Internal and External

interal- closer or inside the body external- outside the center or the organ activity area

This is a type of injury that is | - Wound made by a sharp object

Stab wound

This is a type of injury that | - made by a bullet

Gunshot wound

This is a type of injury that - ruptured small vessels and discolouration - Pasa

Contusion

This is a type of injury that | - mass of clotted blood

- Hematoma

This is a type of injury that | - injury cased by that something that rubs the skin

Abrasions

This is a type of injury that | - deep cut or tear on the flesh

Lacerations

Introduction to Gross Anatomy Flashcards

(93 cards)