Wrist and hand bones Flashcards by ramish aku

what part does the thumb doesnt have and what is its number

no metacarpals

labeled 1 metacarpals

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where are the middle phalanges seen

2,3,4,5 digits

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what is the largest joint in the body

forearm

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these bones are cartilaginous at birth but start to ossify 1st to 12 year

bones of the hand

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this part is beside the radial fossa

Radial styloid

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Tendonds that form the anatomical snuffbox

Abductor longus muscle
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus

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Radial styloid and the tendons that form the
anatomical snuffbox form some kind of friction
around the area as the thumb is moving

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

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this is more prominent when in prone position

- insertion of strong ligaments connected to the wrists

Ulnar Styloid

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this is a circular structure

like radial head
allow pronation and supination

Ulnar Head

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for supination and pronation

if injured difficult to do movement

radioulnar joint

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Dorsal and Volar radiocarpal ligaments are
supporting ligament structures that give
stability to the wrist.

Volar Radiocarpal Ligaments

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Extrinsic ligaments: bridges carpal bones to radius
or metacarpals

Intrinsic ligaments:

Wrist Ligaments

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wrist ligaments

Extrinsic ligaments:

Intrinsic ligaments:

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originate and insert on carpal

bones

Intrinsic ligaments:

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2 types of Intrinsic ligaments:

Scapholunate interosseous ligament

• Lunotriquetral interosseous ligament

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2 types of Extrinsic ligaments:

Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligaments

* Volar Radiocarpal Ligaments

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what are the stronger ligaments of the hand

Triangular Fibrocartilage complex TFCC

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if the the radial styloid is fractured

parts of tfcc may detach and float around

decreasing wrist stability

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where is the common side where wrist is sprained

Ulnar side

also more motion

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has more affinity to bones of carpus

Distal radius

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put our palms on the table

and push it on either the ulnar or radial side.

↑ range of motion, ↓ stability

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what are the flexors that pas thru the pulley system

Flexor digitorum profundus

- flexor digitorum superficialis

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serves as tunnels
- assists in holding finger flexor down to bone
prevents tendons from bow stringing out

Pulley system of the hand

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site for most common diseases

on metacarpophalangeal joint
proximal pulley
tendons freely ove

Annular Pulley

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what is the position of the hand when in rest

flexion

this is the mechenica locking of A1 pulley

Trigger finger

area that serves as the roof of the carpal tunnel - above the carpus - holds the long flexor tendons - Stretches across the front of the wrist that converts concave anterior surface -

Flexor Retinaculum

what pass thru flexor retinaculum

- median nerve - flexor tendon of the thumb - flexor tendons of fingers

where does flexor reticulum attach

medially to pisiform | laterally to tubercule

origin of flexor reticulum

opponens pollicis and opponens digiti | minimi (digiti minimi = small finger/5th digit)

Muscles of the Hand

Thenar Eminence Hypothenar Eminence Interossei Muscles

``` this muscle of the hand - major under the thumb muscles: -opponens pollicis -flexor pollicis brevis - abductor pollicis brevis ```

Thenar Eminence

flexes the carpometacarpal and the metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb, not the thumb itself

Flexor pollicis brevis

this muscle of the hand - brings out the pinky - palmaris brevis - abductor digi minimi - flexor digiti minimi brevis

HYPOTHENAR EMINENCE

what does the palmaris brevis help with

grip

this muscle of the hand - muscles between the metacarpals and bones - originate from metacarpals - insert to phalanges - Dorsal Interossei - Palmar interrossei

Interrossei muscles

intrinsic muscles of the hand

dorsal interossei | palmar interossei

- abducts the fingers from the | middle finger

dorsal interossei

flexes fingers the metacarpal phalangeal joint | • Adducts fingers together

Palmar Interossei

PAD DAB

(Palmar - | Adduction; Dorsal - Abduction)

wrist motions

● Wrist Extension ● Wrist Flexion ● Radial Deviation ● Ulnar Deviation

what has more motion ulnar or radial

ulnar deviation we tend to have our sprains on the ulnar side of the hand because that is where all of the motion goes

Blood supply

Brachial artery

The brachial artery exits the cubital fossa and | divides itself into two:

1. Ulnar artery (Larger) | 2. Radial artery (Smaller)

main blood supplyy of the hand and deep in the flexor digitorum profundus

Ulnar Artery

artery at the pinky finger

Common Palmar Digital Arteries

artery at the 2 middle fingers

proper palmar digital arteries

pointing finger artery

radial artery

thumb artery

proceps polices artery

- helps to tighten the skin & fascia | around the palm

Palmaris brevis

superficial; It is most likely to be hit when there is- > Laceration on the hand > Transection around the palmar space

Superficial Palmar Arch

rise to proper palmar digital arteries

Common Palmar Digital Arteries

Blood flow of arteries in the hand

Superficial palmar arch>>>Common palmar digital | arteries>>>Proper palmar digital arteries

to trauma to the upper extremity

DISCONTINUATION OF BLOOD FLOW IN HAND

How to determine discontinuity of blood flow in the | radial or ulnar artery.

Release radial artery and blood flow continues to the fingers (visible on the nails) • Means radial artery has patent blood flow • Release the ulnar artery and blood flow returns • Means both radial and ulnar arteries have patent blood flow.

- rest of the blood supply that goes into | the hand

Axillary Artery

the terminal branches of the brachial plexus | ● Goes posteriorly around the surgical

AXILLARY NERVE

Part of the lateral chord | ● Passes through the coracobrachialis anteriorly

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE

Anterior to the medial epicondyle

MEDIAN NERVE

function of median nerve

motor innervation to the following Deep Anterior Muscles: > Flexor Digitorum Profundus that flexes wrist and all of the digits of the hand (MCP). > Flexor Pollicis Longus that flexes the thumb > Pronator Quadratus

It passes posteriorly or under the medial epicondyle (funny bone) ● Hitting the elbow against a hard surface results in a tingling sensation on the small digit or on the ulnar

ULNAR NERVE

is the most commonly injured when | there is mid-shaft humeral fracture

Radial nerve

Innervates all of the heads of triceps brachii and the mobile wad which are brachioradialis, ERCL, and ERCB > Injury at this level, wrist drop

High Radial Nerve

Radial nerve that passes through supinator muscle and starts at the level of EDC > At the level of EDC, radial nerve is now named posterior interosseous nerve > Injury at this level, only digital extension

Low Radial Nerve

Common Nerve Affected Axillary Radial Median

Proximal Midshaft Distal

Takes up most of the thumb and half of the palm | ● The whole palmar surface of the 2nd digit and middle

Palmar Surface

Wrist and hand bones Flashcards

(66 cards)