Introduction to Hematology Flashcards by SHEKINAH MOLO

Q

Hematology comes from the Greek words _____ which means “blood” and _____ which means “study of”

A

Haima
Logos

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Q

Haima means ____

A

Blood

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Q

Logos means _____

A

Study of

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Q

Study of the quality and quantity of the cellular elements of the peripheral blood and the bone marrow which includes erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and thrombocytes (Platelets).

A

Hematology

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Q

Study of the disorders and abnormalities related or associated with the quality and quantity of the cellular elements of the blood.

A

Hematology

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Q

Study of laboratory procedures and techniques being used to examine the quality and quantity of the cellular elements of the blood.

A

Hematology

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Q

First scientist who described “worms” in the blood in 1657.

A

Athanasius Kircher

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Q

Athanasius Kircher is the first scientist who described _____ in what year?

A

“worms” in blood
1657

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Q

Gave an account for RBC in 1674.

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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Q

Anton van Leeuwenoek gave an account for _____ in what year

A

Gave an account for RBC
1674

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Q

A scientist that describes platelets in 1800.

A

Guilio Bizzozero

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Q

Guilio Bizzozero describes _____ in what year?

A

Platelets
1800

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Q

Who developed the Wright Stain in 1902?

A

James Homer Wright

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Q

James Homer Wright develops _____ in what year?

A

Wright Stain
1902

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Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

A/An

A

Without

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Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Aniso

A

Unequal/Dissimilar

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Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Cyt

A

Cell

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Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Dys

A

Abnormal/Difficult

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Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Erythro

A

Red

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Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Ferro/Ferr

A

Iron

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Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Hypo

A

Deficient/Decreased

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Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Hemo (Hemato)

A

Pertains to Blood

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Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Hyper

A

Beyond/Increase/Extreme

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Q

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology:

Iso

A

Equal/Alike

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Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Leuko

White

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Macro

Large

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Mega

Very Large/Huge

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Micro

Small

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Myelo

From the Bone Marrow

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Pan

All/Overall

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Phleb

Vein

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Phago

Eat/Digest

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Poikilo

Varied/Irregular

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Poly

Many

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Schis

Split

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Scler

Hard

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Spleen

Spleen

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Throm (o)

Clot/Thrombus

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Xanth

Yellow

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: -oid

Like

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: -osis

Increased

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Pan

All

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: -penia

Decreased

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Plasia

Formation

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Poeisis

Cell Production

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Poly

Many

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Pro

Before

Give the meaning of the Common Prefixes and Suffixes from Greek And Latin that is used in Hematology: Thrombo

Clot

Quality pertains to the _____ of the cells

Morphology

Quantity pertains to the _____ of the cells

Number

_____ pertains to the morphology of the cells

Quality

_____ pertains to the number of the cells

Quantity

Responsible for blood coagulation

Thrombocytes

_____ and _____ does not have nucleus

RBC Platelets

_____ does not have hemoglobin

Leukocytes

Give the meaning of the following abbreviations: Hct

Hematocrit

Give the meaning of the following abbreviations: Hb/Hgb

Hemoglobin

Give the meaning of the following abbreviations: CBC

Complete Blood Count

Give the meaning of the following abbreviations: MCV

Mean Corposcular Volume

Give the meaning of the following abbreviations: MCH

Mean Corposcular Hemoglobin

Give the meaning of the following abbreviations: MCHC

Mean Corposcular Hemoglobin Concentration

What are included in the Blood Indices?

MCV MCH MCHC

Used to identify the type of Anemia

Blood Indices

Old Unit of Hemoglobin

g/100ml (g%)

Old Unit of Cells:

Per cumm

Old Unit of MCH:

Uug

SI Unit of Hemoglobin:

g/L

SI Unit of Cells:

Per uL or cells/L

SI Unit of MCH:

pG

SI Unit of MCV:

fl

It is the vital life-sustaining fluid circulating constantly in a closed system of blood vessels

Blood

Circulation of Blood (paths of the blood when it is pumped)

Blood is pumped from the heart into arteries, from arteries into the capillaries and from the capillaries into veins then it returns to the heart.

2 Main Composition of Blood:

Whole Blood Liquid

Whole Blood is composed of:

Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets/Thrombocytes

Liquid Portion of the Blood is composed of:

Plasma Serum

Liquid potion of unclotted blood.

Plasma

Fluid that remains after coagulations has occurred and clot has formed.

Serum

Liquid portion of clotted blood.

Serum

It is the anucleate, biconcave, discoid cells filled with reddish protein.

Erythrocytes (RBC)

Reddish protein is also known as the _____

Hemoglobin

Responsible for giving color to the RBC

Hemoglobin

Color of the Erythrocytes

Salmon Pink

Size of the Erythrocytes

7-8 um in diameter with central pallor

A cellular component of the blood that lacks hemoglobin, has a nucleus, is capable of motility, and defends the body against infection and disease by ingesting foreign materials and cellular debris by destroying infectious agents or by producing antibodies.

Leukocytes (WBC)

2 Classifications of Leukocytes:

Phagocytes Immunocytes

Phagocytes includes:

Neutrophils Monocytes

Immunocytes includes:

Lymphocytes

Are true blood cells that maintain blood vessels integrity by initiating vessel repairs.

Thrombocytes (Platelets)

Size of Thrombocytes:

2-4 um in diameter

Platelets came from _____ which is the largest cell in the bone marrow

Megakaryocytes

Largest cell in the bone marrow

Megakaryocytes

Give the relative size of the formed elements: Thrombocytes

2-4 um

Give the relative size of the formed elements: Erythrocytes

7-8 um

Give the relative size of the formed elements: Normal Lymphocytes

6-9 um

Give the relative size of the formed elements: Reactive Lymphocytes

10-22 um

Give the relative size of the formed elements: Basophils

10-15 um

Give the relative size of the formed elements: Segmented Neutrophils

10-15 um

Give the relative size of the formed elements: Band Neutrophils

10-15 um

Give the relative size of the formed elements: Eosinophils

12-16 um

Give the relative size of the formed elements: Monocytes

12-20 um

It is the largest among the formed elements.

Monocytes

It is the smallest among the formed elements.

Platelets/Thrombocytes

This is seen in between the Plasma and the Red Blood Cells.

Buffy Coat

Percentage of plasma in the blood

55%

Percentage of buffy coat in the blood

1%

Percentage of red blood cells in the blood

45%

Plasma consist of how many percent of proteins?

7%

What are the proteins that can be found in the plasma? Write their corresponding percentages.

Fibrinogen (7%) Albumin (55%) Globulin (38%)

Buffy Coat contains:

WBC Platelets

What are the layers of the Buffy Coat?

Uppermost Layer Middle Layer Lower Layer

What if Factor I?

Fibrinogen

Classifications of the Globulin

Alpha Beta Gamma

Factor V is also known as _____

Labile Factor

Factor VIII:C is also known as _____

Deficiency on Haemophilia A

Factor XIII is also known as _____

Fibrin Stabilizing Factor

Factor II is also known as _____

Prothrombin

If blood is in vitro, it coagulates _____

5-10 minutes

In vivo blood is _____

Fluid state

Blood is thick and viscous _____ thicker than water

3.5-4.5 times

Blood makes up of _____ (percentage) of the total body component or _____ (volume)

6-8% 60-80 ml/kg

Blood is approximately _____ (mass)

20 grams solid per 100 ml

Total blood volume of an adult male

5-6 liters

Total blood volume of an adult female

4-5 liter

Total blood volume of a newborn

250-350 ml

Described as the thickness and stickiness of blood

Blood viscosity

A measure of the resistance of blood to flow

Viscosity

Viscosity depends on:

Red Blood Cells Plasma Proteins

A measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution

pH

It is the negative decimal logarithm of hydrogen concentration

pH

Normal range of pH level

7.35-7.45

Average pH level

7.40

pH of venous blood

7.35

pH of arterial blood

7.45

If the pH is less than 7.3, it is then considered _____

Acidosis

If the pH is more than 7.5, it is then considered _____

Alkalosis

pH is maintained by:

1. Excretion of carbon dioxide by the lungs 2. Excretion of H+ or OH by the Kidney 3. By the action of buffer system

The buffer system that maintains the blood are:

Carbonate Phosphate Protein Hemoglobin

It is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance.

Blood Specific Gravity

Specific Gravity is also called as _____

Relative Density

Specific Gravity of whole blood:

1.045-1.066

Specific Gravity of serum:

1.024-1.028

Specific Gravity of Plasma:

1.025-1.029

Specific Gravity depends on:

Red Blood Cells Plasma Proteins

What is the color of the arterial blood?

Bright red

What is the color of the venous blood?

Dark purplish red

What is the color of the blood in pulmonary arteries and veins (Hb with O2)?

Purple

What is the color of the blood in pulmonary arteries and veins (Hb without O2)?

Blue

Concentration of solutes dissolved in the blood

Osmolality

What instrument is used to measure osmolality?

Osmometer

Reference range of osmolality in blood

281-296 milli-osmoles per kilogram (mOsms)

Functions of Blood:

1. Respiratory 2. Nutritional 3. Excretory 4. Buffering Action 5. Maintenance of Constant Body Temperature 6. Transportation of Hormones and Other Endocrine Secretion that Regulates Cell Function 7. Body Defense Mechanism

Classification of Granulocytes:

Basophils Eosinophils Neutrophils

Classification of Agranulocytes

Lymphocytes Monocytes

Aside from Proteins, give other sub classification of Plasma:

Amino Acids Nutrients Proteins Nitrogenous Waste Electrolytes Gases