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MD2001 Week 6 > Introduction to Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different parts of the CNS?

A

Spinal cord

Brain stem

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

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2
Q

What are the two parts of the brain stem?

A

Medulla

Pons

Midbrain

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3
Q

What are the two parts of the cerebrum?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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4
Q

What is the encephalon made from?

A

Brain stem

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

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5
Q

What cells support the neurons?

A

Glial

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6
Q

What glial cells are found in the PNS?

A

Satellite cells

Schwann cells

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7
Q

What glial cells are found in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

Astrocytes

Microglia

Ependymal

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8
Q

Function of astrocytes

A

Maintaining blood brain barrier

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9
Q

Function of microglia

A

Macrophages of CNS

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10
Q

Function of ependymal cells

A

Produce cerebral spinal fluid

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11
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

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12
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Unmyelinated

Where neurons synapse

Decision making

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13
Q

What is found in gray matter?

A

Cell bodies of neurons

Neuroglia

Unmyelinated neurites

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14
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated neurons

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15
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

Take sensory information through the afferent to the CNS

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16
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

Take efferent information to muscles/tissues

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17
Q

What does the somatic NS involve?

A

Innervation of skeletal muscle

Voluntary

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18
Q

What does the autonomic NS involve?

A

Innervation of the cardiac and smooth muscles, glands

Important for internal homeostasis

Involuntary

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19
Q

What is the ANS split into?

A

SNS

PSNS

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20
Q

Where does the SNS come from?

A

Thoracolumbar region

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21
Q

Where does the PSNS come from?

A

Craniosacral

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22
Q

Where does SNS nerves exit the CNS?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are a lateral horn of T1-L2 spinal cord segments

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23
Q

Where does PSNS exit the CNS?

A

Preganglionic PSNS neurons arise from brain stem and from S2-S4

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24
Q

Describe the 2 neuron chain in the SNS

A

Short pre-synaptic fibre

Ganglion

Long post-synaptic fibres

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25
Describe the 2 neuron chain in the PSNS
Long pre-synaptic fibres Ganglion Short post-synaptic fibres
26
What neurotransmitters are used in the SNS and PSNS?
SNS- ACh and norepinephrine PSNS- ACh
27
What are the meninges?
3 layers that cover the CNS
28
What are the three layers of the meninges?
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater
29
What are the two layers of dura mater?
Meningeal and outer periosteal layer
30
When are the two layers of the dura not opposed?
In dural sinuses
31
What does the inward septae of dura?
Secure the brain to the skull Dampen movement of the brain in the cranial cavity Divide the cranial cavity into freely communicating compartments
32
Describe arachnoid mater
Adhered closely to dura Web-like in appearance
33
Describe pia mater
Deepest layer In direct contact with CNS tissue Enters every sulci Highly vascular
34
What is the epidural space?
Space between dura and bone
35
What are the three spaces of the meninges?
Epidural Sub dura Sub arachnoid
36
What are cerebral ventricles?
Interconnected spaces filled with CSF
37
What are the 4 cerebral ventricles?
Lateral ventricle- cerebral hemisphere 3rd ventricle- diencephalon 4th ventricle- brain stem Central canal- spinal cord
38
Where is CSF produced?
Choroid plexus
39
How is CSF drained?
Through arachnoid granulations into dural venous sinuses
40
What are the bumps and dips called in the brain?
Gyrus Sulcus
41
What divides the brain into hemispheres?
Median longitudinal fissure
42
What does each hemisphere contain?
Cerebral cortex Cerebral white matter Nuclei
43
What are the different lobes of the brain?
Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Limbic lobe Insula
44
Function of frontal lobe
High level decision making Motor control
45
Function of parietal lobe
Sensory
46
Function of occipital lobe
Vision
47
Function of temporal lobe
Hearing
48
What areas of the cerebrum are designed for motor function?
Primary motor and premotor areas in frontal lobe
49
What areas of the cerebrum are designed for sensory function?
Primary somatosensory in parietal lobe
50
What areas of the cerebrum are designed for vision function
Primary visual and visual association areas in occipital lobe
51
What areas of the cerebrum are designed for auditory function
Temporal lobe
52
What is the left hemisphere specialised in?
Language and math skills
53
What is the right hemisphere specialised in?
Visual-spatial skills and creativity
54
Wernicke's area's function
Interpreting words
55
Boca's areas function?
Making words
56
What does the diencephalon contain?
Thalamus Hypothalamus
57
What is the function of the thalamus?
Major relay station for; Sensory impulses ascending to sensory cortex Inputs from subcortical motor nuclei and cerebellum travelling to the cerebral motor cortex
58
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Autonomic control Endocrine control Sexual behaviour Body temperature Regulation of thirst
59
What is the function of the pons?
Conduction area
60
What happens in the medulla?
Pyramidal decussation- where motor pathways from the brain cross
61
What are the functions of the medulla?
Regulate respiratory rhythm, heart rate and blood pressure Regulate cough, sneeze, swallowing and vomiting
62
What connects the cerebellum and the brain stem?
Cerebellar peduncles
63
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Processes and interprets impulses from motor cortex and sensory pathways and coordinates motor activity
64
Where does the spinal cord run from?
Foramen magnum to L1/L2
65
Why is the spinal cord shorter than the vertebral column?
Vertebral column grows faster

MD2001 Week 6 (7 decks)

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