Introduction to Pharmacology (L1&2) Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is pharmacology?
The study of drug action on animals, organs, tissues and cells
What is an example of an exogenous pharmacon used pharmacologically?
Paracetamol, Morphine, aspirin
What are 4 common pharmacological targets?
Receptors, Enzymes, Transporters, Ion channels
Give an example of a typical chemical bond between a receptor and its target
Dipole-dipole, hydrogen bond, van der Waals
What is the difference between specific and non-specific drugs?
Specific drugs bind to specific targets where as non-specific do not effect any receptor and have physiochemical characteristics
What are drugs usual targets?
Enzymes, ion channels, mRNA, receptors
What is pharmacokinetics?
Movement of a drug into, through and out of a body
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
mADME
What is a Pharmacokinetics ideal drug property?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
What is LD50?
A dosage of a drug which kills half the subjects
What is the therapeutic index?
The ratio of the fatal dose/effective dose
What therapeutic index is wanted?
Higher values
What is a physiochemical property?
Ability of a compound to cause a therapeutic or pharmacological effect due to physical and chemical propeties- solubility, bonding
What are 4 types of proteins that drugs typically bind to?
Receptors, Ion channels, transporters, enzymes
What is meant by a receptor?
Proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer which interact with certain molecules
What are 2 examples of receptors?
Cannaboids- Methananamide and JW-133
Histamine-
mepyramine and ranitidine
Opioid Receptors
What is meant by agonist and antagonist
Agonist- ligand or drug that binds to receptor and causes an effect
Antagonist- Binds to receptor and doesn’t give and effect
What is meant by agonist and antagonist
Agonist- Binds to receptor causing a conformational change that activates a responce in target cell
Antagonist- Binds to receptor but initiates no response
What is a drug/ligand?
A molecule that binds to. specific receptor- for that receptor
What is the law of mass action?
That the higher the amount of either receptor and drugs or drug-receptor complex causes the increase of the other
What are the three processes of a typical drug mechanism?
Reception, transduction, response
Define affinity
The ability of a drug to bind to its target protein
Explain what a second messenger is
A molecule that relays a signal from receptor to response
Give two examples of second messengers
Cyclic AMP, Ca2+
What are the three processes of a typical drug mechanism?
Reception, transduction-second messengers, response
