Introduction to Psychology Flashcards
psychology
the study of human behavior and mental processes (what we believe, solve, feel, and do)
empiricism
the belief that knowledge comes from experience (the senses)
Willian Wundt (1832 - 1920)
• father of psychology
• started the first psychology lab (1879)
• used introspection to study emotion
• broke feelings down into elements
• practiced structuralism with Titchener (1867 - 1927)
introspection
being aware of one’s self
structualism
seeking the “elements” of conscious experience
William James (1842 - 1910)
• interested in the individual as a whole
• founder of American Psychology
• coined the term “stream of consciousness”
• did NOT practice structuralism
functionalism
how behavioral processes function; how they allow organisms to adapt, survive, and flourish
Mary Whiton Calkins
• worked with James
• conducted studies on memory
• completed work for PhD, but didn’t get one due to sexism
• 1st female president of the American Psychological Association (APA)
Margaret Floy Washburn
• first woman to get PhD in subject
• studied animal behavior
• influenced the behaviorists
Dorothea Dix
• studied mental illness
• wanted to improve the treatment of people housed in asylums
• advocated for the poor
G. Stanley Hall
• first president of the APA
• created first psychology lab in United States
• helped spread awareness about the field
Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939)
• emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind
• led to psychoanalytic/psychodynamic approach
psychodynamic
focuses on the psychological roots of emotional suffering
John B Watson (1878 - 1958)
• father of behaviorism
behaviorism
idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment
