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ap psychology > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what must a behavior be to be considered a disorder ?

A
  • deviant (atypical)
  • distressful
  • dysfunctional (maladaptive; inappropriate)
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2
Q

insanity

A

not a psychological or scientific term; legal term

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3
Q

what are disorders caused by:

A
  • genetics
  • environmental
  • cultural factors
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4
Q

some disorders only exist in certain….?

A

cultures

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5
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

genes predispose an individual to a psychological disorder, but stressful live events cause that disorder to manifest (ex: depression after family member’s death)

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6
Q

DSM-V (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)

A
  • helps make diagnoses consistent
  • different psychologists classify a person the same
  • labeling can lead to bias and self-fulfilling prophecies
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7
Q

self-fulfilling prophecies

A

process through which an originally false expectation leads to its own confirmation (ex: if a mildly sad person is told they are depressed, they start to internalize it, and then eventually they become actually depressed- they made their condition worse on their own)

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8
Q

neurodevelopment disorders

A
  • associated with the central nervous system
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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9
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

person is constantly tensed and uneasy, trembling, patient cannot identify cause

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10
Q

Panic Disorder

A

short-term feeling of intense dread; feeling like something terrible is about to happen

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11
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of open, crowded, spaces

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12
Q

Specific Phobia Disorder

A

intense, irrational fear of something that poses little or no actual danger

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13
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

persistent fear of being watched and judged by others

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14
Q

phobia

A

persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation
* sometimes normal fears (spiders) taken to an extreme

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15
Q

where can anxiety disorders come from ?

A
    • learning - classical fear conditioning
  2. biological perspective - natural selection
  3. social - anxiety levels have increased over the past 50 years *
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16
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions

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17
Q

“obsessions”

A

thoughts

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18
Q

“compulsions”

A

actions

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19
Q

Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)

A

traumatic stress that leads to symptoms such as haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, anxiety, and insomnia

20
Q

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

when stress persists for more than a month, or symptoms occur 6 or more months after the event

21
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

person is unable to remember the past due to trauma

22
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

patient forgets their identity and wanders to a new place; may assume new identity

23
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A
  • multiple personalities
  • at least two distinct personalities
24
Q

Somatoform disorders

A

caused by psychological stress

25
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A

(hypochondriasis) extreme anxiety about physical symptoms that are a sign of illness

26
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

the “conversion” of extreme stress or anxiety into a psychological disorder; symptoms real, but no medical cause

27
Q

Anorexia

A

most life threatening of all psychological disorder

28
Q

Bulimia

A

binge and purge cycles

29
Q

depressive disorders

A
  • feelings of sadness, emptiness, and loss of interest
  • lack of control over life events is associated with depression
30
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

most common of psychological disorders

  • fatigue
  • loss of interest
  • sleep issues
  • thoughts of suicide
  • feeling worthless
31
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

depressed mood that has lasted for at least two years; less sever than major depression

32
Q

bipolar disorders

A
  • bipolar disorder
  • mania and depression
  • common among creative people
  • treated by lithium carbonate
33
Q

explanation for mood disorders

A
  • genes - depression runs in the family
  • culture - cultural pressures
  • negative thoughts and moods interact
34
Q

Schizophrenia

A

disorganized, delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions

35
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A
  • persecution - harassed or spied on
  • reference - comments or gestures being directed at individual
  • grandiose - great abilities or being famous
  • nihilistic - something disastrous is going to happen
  • abnormal movements - catatonia
36
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

diminished emotional expression (flat effect)

37
Q

causes for schizophrenia

A

dopamine; less frontal lobe activity; maternal flue virus, genes

38
Q

personality disorders

A
  • inflexible and enduring patterns of behavior that impair social functioning
  • distorted thinking
  • interpersonal difficulties
  • problems with impulse control
  • problems with emotional responses
39
Q

Avoidant

A

sensitivity to rejection

40
Q

Schizoid

A

eccentric; emotionless disengagement

41
Q

Paranoid

A

like schizophrenia (no psychotic features)

42
Q

Histrionic

A

shallow attention-getting; self-centered emotional expression

43
Q

Borderline

A

instability in relationships, mood, self-image, and impulse control; unpredictable and exaggerated behavior

44
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A
  • lack of conscience, empathy, or guilt
  • can be ruthless
  • very charming and achieve positions of power
  • low levels of stress even during stressful situations
45
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A
  • strong need to be admired, inflated sense of importance
  • prone to envy
  • prefer friends who are weak or unpopular so there is no competition
46
Q

how common are psychological disorders ?

A

they are very common, but risk/protective factors such as poverty may influence this

ap psychology (14 decks)

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