Psychological Disorders Flashcards
(46 cards)
what must a behavior be to be considered a disorder ?
- deviant (atypical)
- distressful
- dysfunctional (maladaptive; inappropriate)
insanity
not a psychological or scientific term; legal term
what are disorders caused by:
- genetics
- environmental
- cultural factors
some disorders only exist in certain….?
cultures
diathesis-stress model
genes predispose an individual to a psychological disorder, but stressful live events cause that disorder to manifest (ex: depression after family member’s death)
DSM-V (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)
- helps make diagnoses consistent
- different psychologists classify a person the same
- labeling can lead to bias and self-fulfilling prophecies
self-fulfilling prophecies
process through which an originally false expectation leads to its own confirmation (ex: if a mildly sad person is told they are depressed, they start to internalize it, and then eventually they become actually depressed- they made their condition worse on their own)
neurodevelopment disorders
- associated with the central nervous system
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
person is constantly tensed and uneasy, trembling, patient cannot identify cause
Panic Disorder
short-term feeling of intense dread; feeling like something terrible is about to happen
Agoraphobia
fear of open, crowded, spaces
Specific Phobia Disorder
intense, irrational fear of something that poses little or no actual danger
Social Anxiety Disorder
persistent fear of being watched and judged by others
phobia
persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation
* sometimes normal fears (spiders) taken to an extreme
where can anxiety disorders come from ?
- learning - classical fear conditioning
- biological perspective - natural selection
- social - anxiety levels have increased over the past 50 years *
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions
“obsessions”
thoughts
“compulsions”
actions
Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)
traumatic stress that leads to symptoms such as haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, anxiety, and insomnia
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
when stress persists for more than a month, or symptoms occur 6 or more months after the event
Dissociative Amnesia
person is unable to remember the past due to trauma
Dissociative fugue
patient forgets their identity and wanders to a new place; may assume new identity
Dissociative Identity Disorder
- multiple personalities
- at least two distinct personalities
Somatoform disorders
caused by psychological stress
